《白鲸》自然生态主义解析_英语论文

A Study of Natural Ecology in Moby-Dick

摘要

《白鲸》是赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的巅峰之作，在问世之初遭遇很多批判。随着社会经济的发展，人与自然关系的日益紧张，全球性的生态危机促使越来越多的人开始意识到《白鲸》中所体现的生态价值观，并开始关注小说中的自然生态观。本篇论文从自然生态主义的视角来阐述《白鲸》中人与自然的关系。第一章介绍作者、作品和国内外对本部作品的研究。第二章介绍自然主义。第三章以亚哈、斯达巴克为代表论述不平衡的人与自然关系。第四章论述了以实玛利与自然的和谐关系，以及《白鲸》表现出来的赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的自然生态观。最后一章总结全文，积极的自然生态观对于构建和谐社会起着积极作用。

关键词：赫尔曼·麦尔维尔；《白鲸》；自然生态主义；人与自然关系

Abstract

Moby-Dick is Herman Melville’s masterpiece. Many people criticized it at first. However, with the rapid development of social economy, the relationship between man and nature became worse and worse. The global ecological crisis made more and more people be aware of the ecological values in the novel and start to focus on its natural ecological opinions. This thesis discusses the relationship between man and nature in Moby-Dick from the perspective of Natural Ecology. The first chapter introduces Herman Melville, Moby-Dick and recent studies about the novel at home and abroad. The second chapter gives an introduction about Natural Ecology. Chapter 3 discusses the unbalanced relationships between man and nature by analyzing Ahab and Starbuck. Chapter 4 analyzes Ishmael’s harmonious relationship with nature and reveals Herman Melville’s natural ecological opinions. The last chapter is the conclusion. Positive natural ecological opinion is helpful in building a harmonious society.

Key words: Herman Melville; Moby-Dick; Natural Ecology; the relationship between man and nature

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Natural Ecology 2

3 Unbalanced Relationships 4

3.1 The Relationship between Ahab and Nature 4

3.2 The Relationship between Starbuck and Nature 6

4 Balanced Relationship 8

4.1 The Relationship between Ishmael and Nature 9

4.2 Herman Melville’s Ecological Perspective 10

5 Conclusion 11

References