欧内斯特·费诺罗萨笔下的近代远东_英语论文
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欧内斯特·费诺罗萨笔下的近代远东_英语论文

Ernest Fenollosa’s Modern Far East

摘要

在现代主义研究中,新兴的现代主义东方主义研究虽已在中日传统文化与欧美现代主义之间建立了丰富的联系,却倾向于忽视近代东亚的政治、文化现实与现代主义及现代性之间的重要关联。同时,现代主义研究倾向于将日本现代主义和中国现代主义看成次要的现代主义,即对欧美现代主义的模仿。在东方学者、翻译家欧内斯特·费诺罗萨的研究中,学者公认其提出的汉字诗学是现代主义诗歌变革的先驱理论,但他作品中许多对近代时事的犀利评论却很少获得关注。鉴于这两点,本文从费诺罗萨作品中针对近代东亚国家的讨论入手,探讨他眼中近代中日两国将在世纪之交扮演的重要文化、政治、历史角色,及其与现代主义与现代性变革的紧密关联。

对费诺罗萨相关文献进行分析后可以得出如下结论。从文化角度来看,费诺罗萨指出,中日将为现代主义提供诗歌变革的灵感和哲学变革的参照;从政治角度来看,费诺罗萨分析了东亚即将面临的战争危机和政治机遇,辨析了东亚国家与欧美国家之间的紧密政治联系;从历史角度来看,费诺罗萨强调东亚文化与西方文化的融合发展趋势,并预言了近代中日两国将在西方影响下产生自己的现代主义,即初期的中国现代主义和日本现代主义。与同时代的学者相比,费诺罗萨积极关注近代东亚的文化与政治变革,其关于东亚的相关论述是研究东亚与现代主义关系的重要资料来源。

关键词:欧内斯特·费诺罗萨;东亚;现代主义;现代性;现代主义东方主义

Abstract

In modernist studies, the newly developed field of modernist Orientalism has established informative connections between Anglo-American high modernism and classical East Asian culture, but has always been prone to neglecting the important associations between modernism and modern East Asian realities in relation to modernity. Also, the corpus of modernism studies often regards the existence of Japanese modernism and Chinese modernism as mostly the imitation of Euro-American modernism, and thus tends to treat them as supplementary to modernism as a whole. Moreover, present studies on Ernest Fenollosa put more emphasis on his prophetic contribution of ideogrammatic aesthetics to poetic modernism than his insightful writings about modern issues. Therefore, this essay tries to fill these two research gaps by offering a contextualized textual analysis of Fenollosa’s prophetic writings pertaining to East Asia from cultural, political and historical perspectives, and argues that Fenollosa was prophetic in defining the consequential parts the modern Far East would play in the forming of global modernity and modernism. 

Three main conclusions can be arrived at after investigating Fenollosa’s related writings. In cultural aspects, Fenollosa foretells that modern East Asia, whose duty to modern reform lied in preservation of its cultural traditions, would provide poetic inspiration for the imagist movement as well as philosophical remedy for the modern spiritual dilemma. Politically speaking, Fenollosa predicts that the future of the Far East, in which prosperous opportunity and colonial crisis would soon coexist, was interconnected with that of Euro-American modernity and modernism. As regard to historical roles, Fenollosa prefigures a coming fusion where East Asia would not only join a cultural marriage with the Occidental civilization, but also incubate Chinese modernism and Japanese modernism on its own land. Fenollosa’s writings on East Asia, different from those of his Euro-American contemporaries, may serve as important materials for further research on a reframed relationship between East Asia and modernism. 

Keywords: Ernest Fenollosa; East Asia; Modernism; Modernity; Modernist Orientalism

Contents

Acknowledgments i

English Abstract ii

摘要 iii

Abbreviations iv

Introduction 1

Ernest Fenollosa and Modernism 1

Literature Review on Fenollosa Studies 2

East Asia in Modernist Orientalism Studies 4

Thesis Structure 6

Chapter One Cultural Duties of China and Japan in Modern Reform 8

1.1 Provider of Inspiration for Poetic Reform 8

1.2 Provider of Solution for Spiritual Dilemma 12

Chapter Two Political Positions of China and Japan in Modern Development 17

2.1 Harbinger of War Crisis 17

2.2 Herald of Political Opportunity 22

Chapter Three Historical Roles of China and Japan in Modern Fusion 26

3.1 Bride in a Cultural Marriage 27

3.2 Incubator of a Global Fusion 29

Conclusion 33

Works Cited 36

 



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