《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》中的精英主义和极端利己主义_英语论文
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《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》中的精英主义和极端利己主义_英语论文

On Elitism And Extre-Egoism In Atlas Shrugged From Perspective Of Objectivilist Philosophy

摘要

安兰德(1905——1982)是美国当代著名的女哲学家和小说家,先后出版《源泉》,《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》,后者被认为是英文文学史上仅次于《圣经》的第二畅销书。在国内对该《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》的研究主要集中在对客观主义哲学体系的分析以及对极端利己主义的批判,至于其他方面则还未有太多著述。本文尝试阐释作者基本价值观。这篇论文显示了她对于可以支持个人权益的世界的赞赏和期待。从主人公的精英女性身份出发,根据作者生活经历和时代背景分析《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》中精英与庸众的冲突和传统思想和制度对社会生产力的限制。

本文试图从客观主义哲学角度分析小说表达的深层含义,呈现作者本人对于伦理学的思辨。并且试图寻找这种小众思想在今天的世界中的体现。

关键字:《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》;客观主义;存在;哲学

Abstract

Ayn Rand (1905-1982) is one of the most famous women philosophers and writers in modern United States of America. She published The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged in succession, with the latter considered as the second best seller only behind The Bible. In China, the studies of Atlas Shrugged mainly focus on the analysis of the objectivist system and the criticism of extre-egolism. As for other aspects, there are only a few treatises. This paper aims to explain the author's basic world outlook and sense of worth. The paper shows her admiration and expectation of the world that can uphold benefits. Based on the author’s life experience and historical background, the paper sets the main character as an woman elite and analyzes the contradiction between elites and the ordinary people as well as the restriction of productivity by traditional ideology and social institution. 

This paper aims to analyze the deeper meaning in this novel and the author's critical thinking of ethics from the objectivist angle. In addition, it tries to find the embodiment of this minority ideology in today's world.                 

Key Words: Altlas Shrugged; objectivism; existence; philosophy

Contents

Acknowledgements

Absract (Chinese) I

Abstract (English) II

I. Introduction 1

A. Literature Review 1

B. Background Analysis of Atlas Shrugged 2

a. Duet Historic Environment 2

b. Spirit Foundation of Anti-utopia Novels 3

II. Literary Features 4

A. Exquisite Combination of Quotation Style and Fiction Style 4

B. Interlaced of Open Clue and Concealed Clue 4

C. Character Personalization 5

III. Logic View and Three Laws 6

A. Law of Contradiction 6

B. Law of Excluded Middle 7

C. Law of Identity 7

IV. Philosophical view 8

A. Objectivism 8

B. Logical Problem of Objectivist System 9

a. Remarks by Other People 10

b. Core Meaning of Objectivism 11

C. Positive Meaning of Objectivist Philosophy 14

V. Conclusion 16

Bibliography 17


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