《傲慢与偏见》中经济因素对婚姻影响的研究

Research on the Influence of Economic Factors on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice

摘要

经济与婚姻一直以来有着密不可分的关联，本文通过分析奥斯汀婚姻观形成的时代背景，表现当时经济的发展给人们生活带来的影响和经济因素对婚姻的影响。接着分析了英国财产继承制度，解释了当时女性在经济上的不平等，男性依靠财产获得各种权利和优势。女性地位的分析体现了当时女性没有自我权利，因为经济因素的影响选择婚姻，在面对爱情和经济时不得不妥协选择后者。

本文接着分析了小说中四种典型的婚姻：莉迪亚和韦翰的盲目婚姻、夏洛特和柯林斯的现实婚姻、吉英与彬格莱的幸福婚姻、伊丽莎白和达西的完美婚姻。它表现了这四种婚姻是如何在经济的影响下形成的并分析男女主人公的思想来体现经济因素与婚姻的密切关系和经济在两性的婚姻选择中有着重要影响，透视了女性迫于经济劣势，在婚姻问题上处于被动、不平的地位，最终说明经济地位决定着婚姻的关系。

它让读者了解到十八、十九世纪英国女性的生活现状和经济与婚姻的关联，并通过对当前社会经济与婚姻关系的叙述，指出当代社会的婚姻现象和对婚姻的观点，体现作品对现代人的启示。

关键词: 经济因素；婚姻； 奥斯汀的婚姻观

ABSTRACT

Economy and marriage have always been linked inextricably. This thesis expounds the background of the formation of Austen’s concept of marriage so we can understand the influence of economic development on people’s life and the impact of economic factors on marriage at that time. Then it analyzes the inheritance system of British property and explains the economic inequality of women at that time. Men rely on property to gain rights and advantages. The analysis of the status of women reflects that women do not have the right to choose marriage because of economic factors. In the face of love and the economy, they had to compromise and choose the latter. 

Then this thesis analyzes the four typical marriages in the novel, the blind marriage between Lydia and Wickham, the realistic marriage between Charlotte and Collins, the happy marriage between Jane and Bingley, and the perfect marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy. It illustrates how the four kinds of marriage are formed under the influence of the economy and the thoughts of the protagonists and heroines to reflect the close relationship between economic factors and marriage. It shows that the economy plays an important role in the choice of marriage between the two sexes, grasps the essence that women are forced into a passive and unfair position on marriage issues because of economic inferiority, and finally shows that economic status determines the marital relations. 

This paper helps readers understand the British women’s living conditions and the link between the economy and marriage in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. It points out that the marriage phenomenon on the contemporary society and reflects the enlightenments of the work on modern people by relating the current relationship between social economy and marriage.

Key words: Economic factors; marriage; Austen’ s marriage concept