功能对等视角下《指环王之魔戒再现》的两种汉译本的对比分析

A Comparative Study of Two Chinese Versions of The Lord of the Rings from Perspective of Functional Equivalence

摘要

“功能对等”是美国语言学家、翻译家尤金•奈达提出的对翻译界有深远的影响以及指导作用的翻译理论，要达到理想的翻译,就要找到与原文最自然且最贴近的对等语,而不是拘泥于单纯的形式对等。魔幻文学是一种极富想象力的文学表现形式，以天马行空的文笔著称。魔幻文学游离于现实之外，又在幻想中映射现实世界。因而魔幻小说除了具有消遣、娱乐的功能外，还蕴含着鲜明的现实意义，作家在作品中反映社会现实、反思历史、探讨人性。在魔幻文学翻译中如何保留源语的味道，最大限度地传达出作者蕴涵在文字中的深层思想以及再现原作的精彩瞬间，都是译者在翻译中会遇到的困难。本文以T.R.R.托尔金所著的《指环王之魔戒再现》为例，选取小说中的一些经典片段的不同译本，通过奈达的功能对等理论进行分析对比，着重从意义对等,形式对等,文化对等三个方面对两个译本进行详尽的分析,研究魔幻文学翻译的方法和技巧，最后得出结论:功能对等理论可作为魔幻文学英汉翻译的原则，它对翻译中词句的选择、修辞的传达、文化差异以及文化空缺词的处理都具有指导意义。

关键词： 功能对等理论  魔戒  魔幻文学  翻译策略   

ABSTRACT

Functional Equivalence Theory put forward by Eugene Nida, an American linguist and translator, has a profound influence and guiding role in the translation field. In order to achieve the ideal translation, it is necessary to find the most natural and closest equivalent to the original text instead of sticking to pure formal equivalence.Fantasy literature is a very imaginative literary form. It is famous for its literary style. Fantasy literature is divorced from reality, and it reflects the real world in fantasy.Therefore, the fantasy novel not only has the function of recreation and entertainment, but also contains distinct practical significance. Writers reflect the social reality in their works, reflect on history and probe into human nature. How to retain the flavor of the source language, to convey to the maximum extent the author's deep thoughts in the text and to reproduce the brilliant moments of the original are the difficulties that the translator will encounter in translation.Taking T.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings as an example, this paper selects the different versions of some classic fragments in the novel, and analyzes them through Nid’s functional equivalence theory.The two versions are analyzed in detail from three aspects of meaning equivalence, formal equivalence and cultural equivalence. Finally draw a conclusion: functional equivalence theory can be used as the principle of English-to-Chinese translation in fantasy literature. It is of guiding significance to the choice of words and phrases, the communication of rhetoric, the cultural differences and the treatment of cultural vacant words in translation.

Key words:  Functional Equivalence Theory  The Lord of the Rings  Fantasy Literature