从电影《最后的武士》着手，探究日语和英语中高低语境带来的影响_英语论文

On the Effects of Context on Japanese and English from the Movie “The Last Samurai”

摘要

语境作为语言学研究的一个概念，最早是由德国语言学家Wegner在1895年提出来的，Lustig等学者曾将语境文化分为高语境文化和低语境文化。美国、德国等国家（使用屈折语的国家）是大家所熟知的低语境文化交际国家，而高语境国家中的典型代表为中国、日本、韩国（使用黏着语的国家）。语境概念包括的因素很多：说话时的客观情绪，说话者能够直接联想到的一切事物和人的心态等。“最后的武士”这部电影讲述的是一个爱上日本武士道文化的美国士兵最后代表着没落的武士精神与现代化做最后的抗争.电影故事讲述的背景追究到1866年到1867年，时值明治维新，倒幕运动成功后，明治政府颁布“禁刀令”，自此废除武士特权，对此不满的没落武士片发动暴乱，史称“西南战争”，最后被镇压。片中对白以英语日语为主。在美国军人algren被俘期间的经历展现了中西方文化的冲撞和融合，高低语境的不同交流方式在此得到了体现。本课题拟从这部电影着手，对日语和英语语境中的高低语境进行对比研究，旨在通过探究语言和文化对语境形成的作用和影响以及其背后的内在联系来进一步帮助人们了解语境的价值和作用，同时能够更好地去接受尊重彼此的文化，促进彼此间的交流。

关键词: 高低语境   武士道    融合

Abstract

Context, as a concept of linguistics, was first established in 1895 by German linguist Wegner. Lustig and other scholars has divided context into high-context culture and low-context culture . The United States, Germany and other countries (using the inflecting language) are known as low-context culture , and China, Japan, South Korea (using Agglutinative language ) are typical representative of high-context culture. The concept of context includes many factors: the objective emotion, dynamic surroundings, background knowledge etc. The movie "the last samurai" tells about an American soldier who fell in love with Japanese bushido culture and finally on behalf of the declined samurai spirit fought against the modern army. The story can trace back to 1866 to 1867 when it is the high time of Meiji restoration. Government issued “Haito Edict” which abolished samurai’s privilege and the “War between west and south” broke out. Algren’s experience can well represent features of different context. The lines in the movie are all English and Japanese. This essay will do some research on high and low context from the movie, and aims at finding  out their relationships and doing good to promoting communication and the respect of each other.

Keywords:high/low-context culture   bushido   mixture