试论《杀死一只知更鸟》中的反种族主义

A Study on Antiracism in To Kill a Mockingbird

摘要

美国的种族问题由来已久，但是却无法得到根治。哈珀·李的长篇小说《杀死一只知更鸟》不仅奠定了作者在美国的文学地位，还声援了即将到来的美国民权运动，是研究美国种族主义历史的经典文本之一。小说发表后，多个学者从作者意图与情感等不同角度对文本进行了解读。本文主要从反种族主义角度解读作者的写作意图。本文认为，通过对人物的角色分析，以及作者对当时种族歧视现况的描写，可以挖掘出背后的反种族主义思想，更好地推理作者的写作意图：提倡反种族主义并让人们意识到少数人的觉醒并不能改变现状但它带来了希望，只有更多人的觉醒，才能挣脱种族歧视的枷锁。

关键词:《杀死一只知更鸟》；写作意图；反种族主义

Abstract

Although the racial problem has been bothering America for a long time, there is still no solution. Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, not only won huge reputation for her but supported the upcoming Civil Rights Movement. It’s one of the classic novels for studying the racism history in America. It has been studied by different people form several perspectives such as the intention and emotion of the author since it came out. This thesis believes that through the analysis of the character and description of social phenomena at that time, the antiracism which hides deeply and Lee’s intention could be discovered. And the intention is to advocate antiracism and make readers realize that the awakening of a few people won’t change the situation but brings hope. Only when most of people hold antiracism can we get rid of the shackles of racism.

Key words: To Kill a Mockingbird; intention of the author; antiracism