刻意曲解的语用分析-从认知角度

Pragmatic Analysis of Deliberate Misinterpretation from the Perspective of Cognition

摘要

刻意曲解是一个多学科研究课题。21世纪以前，国内外的学者对误解进行了大量的研究，只是偶尔顺便提及刻意曲解。学者们在相当长的时间里认为刻意曲解包含于曲解。经过多年从逻辑学、修辞学、语用学等不同角度的研究，逐渐把刻意曲解分离了出来。随着研究的多方渗透和深入，心理学及认知过程的分析也纳入了研究过程。本文将从认知角度分析刻意曲解的认知过程，对其触发条件、运行机制以及语用功能进行剖析。

心理范畴与预设、逻辑的同一性是言语交际能达成合作的前提；然而，偏偏背道而驰的、与已得知识或经验不符，并刻意偷换概念的方式就是刻意曲解。刻意曲解的触发条件主要是由于说话者的信息经济性和不确定性；运行机制主要是有意违反同一律、脱离或改变语境。刻意曲解具有制造幽默、保面子、打破僵局、调和冲突、避免不利后果的语用功能。

关键词：刻意曲解；认知过程；触发条件；运行机制；语用功能

Abstract

Before the 21st century, as a multi-disciplinary research topic, the Deliberate Misinterpretation (DMI) had been ignored by domestic and foreign scholars, who have done a lot of research on misunderstanding and have regarded DMI as a subset of misunderstanding. However, after many years’ study from logic, rhetoric, pragmatics and other different angles, DMI has stood out as a separate subject. With the multi-infiltrated and in-depth study, psychological and cognitive progress analysis is also included in the research course. This paper will analyze the cognitive process of DMI, its triggers, mechanism and pragmatic functions. The identity of psychological category with presupposition and logic is the premise of cooperative communication; however, the deliberate way of deviating from knowledge or stored experience is the deliberate misinterpretation. Deliberate misinterpretation is mainly triggered by the speaker's using Maxim of Minimization and Indeterminacy in communication. The operation mechanism of DMI is to break the law of identity, deviate from or change the context. DMI has many pragmatic functions, such as creating humor, saving face, breaking the deadlock, achieving harmony, and avoiding the adverse consequences, etc.

Key words: DMI; cognitive progress; trigger; mechanism; pragmatic function