卡夫卡《变形记》中异化现象分析_英语论文

An Analysis of Alienation in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis

摘要

《变形记》是卡夫卡的著名短篇小说之一，本文研究对象则是这部作品中所表现的异化现象。本文将从社会学批评方法，首先分析卡夫卡的家庭对作者本人的影响，并分析文中能体现的部分。卡夫卡的父亲对卡夫卡实施高压政策，让卡夫卡生活在压力中，文中格列高尔的父亲也让他感受不到亲情，并且最终给他造成了致命的伤害。卡夫卡的母亲是一位温和甚至有些软弱的女士，文中格列高尔的母亲便也是那么柔弱，一出事就会晕倒。而格列高尔的妹妹，则是他对亲情的追求，最后妹妹渐渐也变得无情，则是他的梦想破灭，回到现实一般。 其次，根据小说内容，分析当时异化社会下的各个机体的关系，主要分为三个方面：人与自身的关系；人与他人的关系；人与社会的关系。通过三方面的关系，批判当时社会存在的问题，并借古讽今，反应出现在社会同样存在的问题。

关键词：异化 社会问题 态度 压迫

Abstract 

The Metamorphosis is one of the most famous short stories of Kafka. The study target is the alienation shown in this story. Firstly, this thesis would analyze the influence Kafka get from his family, and show some reflections in his work. Hermann’s high-handed policy makes Kafka lives with great pressure. Gregor’s father also show no kinship to him and bring him the fatal hurt. Kafka’s mother is a kindly and weak woman. It is the same as Gregor’s mother, and she always falls in a faint when something happen. And Gregor’s sister symbolizes the pursuit of kinship. But after she change her attitude, the dream becomes the reality. Secondly, this thesis would analyze the relations between every part in the abnormal society. Those can be divided into three parts: the relation between human and themselves, the relation between human and the others, and the relation between humans and society. Finally, it would mention the social problems in that era, and criticize that of today,because there are the same problems.

Key words: Alienation; social problem; attitude; oppression

Contents

Introduction 1

1 the Alienation of Gregor Himself 1

1.1 The transformation in body 1

1.2 The humanity in heart 3

2 the Alienation of Gregor’s Family 5

2.1 the change of his sister’s attitude 5

2.2 The attitude of Gregor’s parents 7

3 the Alienation of the Society 9

3.1 The attitude of others 9

3.2 The oppression of the society 11

Conclusion 12

Bibliography: 13

Acknowledgments 14