摘 要

口译是一种复杂的动态的交际行为，是高强度的脑力劳动，时常受到心理状态的干扰。在很多情况下，译员会因为紧张、自卑、焦躁、胆怯等心理因素影响口译行为的正常进行和口译能力的正常发挥。另外，口译相较笔译而言对译员的要求更高，译员在有效地输入信息的同时还要处理大量信息，时间的紧迫性要求译员将一种语言在脑中运用记忆系统经过短时加工后输出成为另一种语言，还要保证信息交换的准确性，这更加考验译员的心理承受能力。因此，译员的基本素质中最关键的一点就是译员的心理素质。然而目前的翻译教学实践，只注重教授译员相关的技巧策略和知识面的拓宽，而忽视对译员心理素质的培养和锻炼。本文以认知心理学的为理论基础，论述影响译员的常见的心理障碍，并探索分析其特点及原因。最后，提出了在口译教学中培养译员心理素质的对策，以帮助译员克服心理障碍，提高心理素质。

关键词：口译；认知心理学；心理障碍；对策
 
ABSTRACT

Interpreting is a complicated and dynamic communication process, which is also a mental work of high intensity. It is frequently disturbed by psychological obstacles. In many circumstances, psychological obstacles such as nervousness, self-humiliation, anxiety, timidity and so on greatly interfere the normal process of interpreting and the performance of interpreters’ ability. Furthermore, in comparison with translation, interpreting sets a higher demand on interpreters. They have to input information effectively and process plenty of information simultaneously. The pressure of limited time requires interpreters to process one language through memory system in short time and then output it into another with accurate information exchange, which is a great test on interpreters’ psychological bearing capacity. Therefore, among all the basic qualities of interpreters, psychological quality is the most pivotal one. However, the current teaching focuses on the related skills and strategies and widening knowledge, but ignores the training and fostering of interpreters’ psychological quality. With the support of theories of cognitive psychology, this thesis elaborates several common psychological obstacles, and explores and analyzes the characteristics and the hidden reasons. Finally some feasible coping strategies are put forward to promote the current interpreting teaching, which may help interpreters to overcome their psychological obstacles and to improve their psychological quality.

Keywords: interpreting; cognitive psychology; psychological obstacles ; coping strategies