摘要

随着全球化趋势的深入发展，来自不同国家和地区的人们相互接触和打交道的机会越来越多。无论是跨越国界到另一国家与人们面对面地交流还是通过网络或书籍去了解另一个国家和地区，我们都不可避免地接触对方的语言。由于不同民族和地区的人们所使用语言上的差异，翻译就成为了跨文化交往中必不可少的环节。
翻译作为一项语言活动，首先意味着从一种语言到另一种语言的转换。然而鉴于语言和文化之间相互影响相互依存的紧密关系，翻译就不只意味着语言之间的转换。语言是文化的产物并作为其载体传递着文化的信息。相应地，翻译也应该传递出源语言中所蕴含的文化意义，否则就可能会误导目的语读者，造成误解甚至产生冲突。
汉语和英语各自从属于东西方两种不同的文化。前者受几千年农耕文明的影响，后者则是典型的海洋文明的产物。中西文化之间的巨大差异给翻译工作增加了不同程度的困难和影响。本文首先阐述了语言、文化和翻译之间的关系，接着从文化的起源、思维方式以及社会习俗等几个方面并结合实例对中西文化之间的差异进行了具体分析，进而讨论了这些差异对翻译的具体影响，以期为翻译实践活动提供一定的借鉴和参考。

关键词：英汉互译，文化差异，影响

Abstract

With the sustainable and rapid deepening of globalization, people from different countries and regions have more and more chances to communicate with each other. Either through face-to-face talk or get the information of another country by means of surfing on the internet or reading, we will inevitably contact with a foreign language. Thus translation becomes the indispensable link in cross-cultural communications.
As a language activity, translation firstly means the transfer from one language to another one. Considering the interactive and interdependent relationship between language and culture, translation means more than the linguistic transfer. As both the product and carrier of culture, language contains background cultural meanings. Accordingly, translation should deliver the cultural meaning implied in the source language, otherwise readers of target language will be misled and misunderstandings or even conflicts will arise.
Chinese and English languages respectively belong to the oriental and occidental cultures. The former is deeply affected by thousand-year’s agricultural civilization, while the latter is a typical oceanic culture. The great differences between the two cultures have made translation a challenging job with kinds of difficulties. This thesis begins with the relationship among language, culture and translation. Based on the analysis of the differences between Chinese and Western cultures from the perspectives of the origins of culture, the modes of thinking and the social customs, the influences of these differences on translation are further discussed with concrete examples, aiming to provide references to translating activities.

Key words: C-E & E-C translation, cultural differences, influences