摘　要

本论文的目的是研究美国黑人文学的发展和成就。文章把重点放在美国黑人文学发展的的过程，是怎样一步步取得的现在的成就。美国黑人文学的历史和美国本身一样古老且多样，有一些反复出现的主题：打击种族主义，寻找作为一个黑人的身份，保持独特的生活品位。美国黑人作家来自于非洲，但在美国贡献了自己的文学作品。这些非洲裔作家文学作品被称为美国黑人文学，主题基本上集中在奴隶制和争取自由的斗争。对殖民统治和奴役的历史回顾影响美国黑人作家的文学创作。南北战争结束后，美国黑人在美国本土成功地推广他们的文学作品.自1970年以来，在美国黑人作家托妮•莫里森的带领下，黑人文学已经获得了广泛的一致好评，这一文学体裁在十八世纪末被国际公认其成立。

关键词：美国黑人文学；美国黑人作家；发展和成就

Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to study the development and achievements of African-American literature. The main emphasis is placed on the process of the development and achievements of African-American Literature. The history of African-American literature is as old and varied as the United States itself, but there are several recurrent themes: combating racism, searching for a black identity, and maintaining a unique quality of life. African American Literature is a composite of many different life stories and experiences African Americans have had to endure throughout a lifetime. African-American writers were African in origin but contributed their literary works to America. These African-American writers' literary work is known as African-American Literature, which basically focuses on the theme of slavery and struggle for freedom. Although there is a difference between African-American literature and Post-colonial literature, both tend to subjugate to colonial countries. History recalls the rash impacts of colonization and slavery from the literary composition of African-American writers. Over the years, African-Americans were successful to promote their literature in the land of the United States after American civil war. African-American Literature is a literature that emphasizes mainly on the black people, their culture and history. This literature is written by African born people who settled in America during 18th and 19th century. These writers were sensitive realists who wrote on societal issues like culture, slavery, and struggle for freedom and pleaded for equality in the world history.  Although since 1970 African American writers, led by Toni Morrison, have earned widespread critical acclaim, this literature has been recognized internationally as well as nationally since its inception in the late 18th century.

Key words: African-American Literature; African-American writers; the development and achievements

1 Introduction  
African American literature traces its beginnings to the latter half of the 18th century when the African American population was still an enslaved one. Slaves were not allowed to learn the arts and sciences. David Hume and Immanuel Kant were very famous in the white philosophers of the time, now we can know their strong sense of inferiority from their books. Then Gates and McKay note that African American slaves want to write themselves out of slavery by mastering the Anglo-American belletristic tradition.