奥普拉脱口秀-当代电视谈话节目的成功因素分析

The Oprah Winfrey Show: Factors for Success in the Current TV Talk Show
摘        要
1984年，奥普拉•温弗瑞在芝加哥主持WLS电视台的脱口秀节目《芝加哥早晨》并迅速窜红；第二年，节目更名为《奥普拉•温弗瑞秀》（The Oprah Winfrey Show，又名《奥普拉脱口秀》）。1986年，奥普拉成立了自己的制作公司，该节目在全美首播，不久便成为全美脱口秀王牌节目。
本课题首先以《奥普拉脱口秀》为例，通过查阅国内外资料、文献、相关研究报告以及观看节目视频等方式对节目做出简要分析（包括对该节目的内容、形式、特点，主持人奥普拉•温弗瑞的成长背景、人物性格等多方面因素的介绍）。然后结合西方其他同类节目（e.g.《艾伦秀》，《拉里•金秀》等），通过对其策划、主持方式等的深入研究，比较分析找到其间的共性和个性，从中提炼出著名谈话节目的共同成功因素。最后通过分析我国访谈节目或脱口秀（e.g.《杨澜访谈录》、《壹周立波秀》等），结合探讨这一类型节目在当今社会的发展方向，找到这一类型节目的突破之处，提高中国访谈类节目的收视率，让其更具有自身的文化特色，推进中国电视文化的发展。
关键词：奥普拉，脱口秀，主持人，成功因素

Abstract
In 1984, the talk show hosted by Oprah Winfrey in Chicago WLS TV Chicago Morning quickly became famous in the United States. The following year, it changed its name to Oprah Winfrey Talk Show (also known as Oprah Winfrey Show). In 1986, Oprah set up her own production company, and the show premiered across America, and soon became America's trump card talk show program.
This paper, first examines the Oprah Winfrey Show by reviewing the information, documentation and studies by other researchers, and by briefly analysing the program (including the content, the form and the features of the program, the host Oprah Winfrey's background, character, and many other factors). And then combined with other similar programs (e.g. Ellen Show, Larry King Show, etc), through the planning of the program and the way of their host, the author uses comparative analysis to find the commonness and individuality, then to extract from the famous talk show’s common success factors. At last, by analyzing talk shows in China (such as the Yang Lan Interview, etc), and discussing the development of talk shows in today's society, we may find the breakthrough in this type of program. By combining with their own cultural identity, we can improve Chinese interview program rating in the world, and promote the development of Chinese TV culture.
Keywords: Oprah Winfrey, talk show, television host, success factors