摘　要

《老人与海》是美国作家海明威于1951年写的一篇中篇小说，于1952年出版，1954年获诺贝尔文学奖。同时这也是作者发表的最后一部小说。主要写了圣地亚哥与自然搏斗的惊心动魄的悲剧，每获得一点成功就要付出巨大的代价，从而导致了老人的悲剧。它一经问世，便在国际上引起了强烈的反响，在当时的文学界掀起了一阵“海明威热”。本论文从研究《老人与海》的悲剧色彩入手，分析老人的悲剧，指出他的悲剧是由他的完美主义思想所致，同时也说明海明威的悲剧，海明威的高要求，不断追求心中达到完美的目标，甚至有些目标已经超过了他的能力范围；并且指出悲剧色彩对小说人物刻画和主题起到的作用，从而帮助读者更加深入的了解与体会《老人与海》这部作品。《老人与海》由于其流畅而优美的写作和丰富的象征手法，自问世以来在文学界引起了极大反响和关注。本文将侧重研究《老人与海》中的悲剧色彩，与此同时从完美主义和海明威的生活经验中浅析原因。同时，本文也将指出老人的悲剧故事的设计对小说主题和人物形象重要意义。

关键词：老人与海; 圣地亚哥; 完美主义; 悲剧色彩

Abstract

“The Old Man and the Sea” is a novel written by the American writer Ernest Hemingway in 1951, was published in 1952, won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. And this was also the last novel of the author. The Old Man and the Sea recounts an epic battle between an old, experienced fisherman and a giant marlin said to be the largest catch of his life. It has been the international advent aroused strong repercussions at the literary and set off a burst of “Hemingway heat”. This thesis, starting from the tragedy of The Old Man and the Sea, analyses the tragedy of the elderly and points out that his tragedy was caused by his perfectionist thinking. Also, it reflects the tragedy high requirements of the Hemingway, the constant pursuit of perfect goal, which has exceeded the scope of his ability; and points out the meaning of tragic color’s role to novel characterization and theme. Then, readers can more in-depth understand and experience this work of the Old Man and the Sea. Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea has found a tremendous echo and has aroused world-wide concern since its publication due to its smooth and graceful writing style and symbolism. This paper will focus on the tragic color in The Old Man and the Sea, and probe into the detailed reasons from the perspective of perfectionism and Hemingway’s life experience; meanwhile, this paper will also point out the significance of the design of tragedy in this novel, which contributes to the theme and characterization.

Key words: Ernest Hemingway; tragic color; Santiago; perfectionist

1. Introduction
   The old man and the sea, one of the most successful novels in American history, have aroused widespread attention of the world through its concise writing, dramatic figure, rich sentiment and profound thought. Also, its publication has caused great sensation at home and abroad and solidly confirmed the Hemingway’s reputation which made him become the one of the most outstanding writers in American history.