摘　要

《哈姆雷特》和《雷雨》是中西方戏剧史上具有代表性的悲剧作品。莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》描写了文艺复兴时期的王子复仇，曹禺的《雷雨》刻画了中国旧社会的大家庭悲剧。很多学者、评论家热衷于探讨这两部作品中人物悲剧命运的成因，成果颇丰，却很少将两者相比较。本篇论文主要通过分析法和比较法，研究《哈姆雷特》和《雷雨》中主要人物悲剧命运的体现方面及其成因，并从不同角度对这两部作品悲剧效果的相似性和不同点进行比较。我们可以得出，在某种程度上，悲剧是一个时代和社会的映射，是不同矛盾冲突的产物。不论东方还是西方，悲剧总是存在。本篇论文有助于我们了解东西方的社会文化，东西方悲剧的创作手法及悲剧背后揭露社会、追求人性解放的精神诉求。

关键词：悲剧成因；相同点；不同点；个性解放

Abstract

Hamlet and Thunderstorm are both the representative tragedy works in the history of western and eastern drama. Shakespeare’s Hamlet describes a prince’s revenge in the Renaissance period, and Cao Yu’s Thunderstorm portrays the breakdown of the extended family in the Chinese feudal society. Many scholars and critics are keen on analyzing the causes of the tragic destines of the characters in Hamlet or in Thunderstorm, but there are few number of critics make a comparison of these two dramas, though the achievements are fruitful. In this paper, we will explore, mainly by the methods of analysis and comparison, the tragic aspects of the main characters’ destines respectively in Hamlet and in Thunderstorm and these causes. Moreover, we will make a comparison of the two dramas to conclude their similarities and differences, from different perspectives. We can draw the conclusion that, to some extent, tragedy is the reflection of an era or a society, and the production of different conflicts. Irrespective of the East or the West, there is always being a tragedy. This paper contributes to our better understanding of the cultures and customs of the orient and west, various writing approaches used in the creation of western and eastern tragedies, as well as the aspiring spiritual pursuit of condemning the dark side of the society and the liberation of humanity.

Key words: the causes of tragedies; similarities; differences; liberation of humanity

1 Introduction
   This paper will be divided into five parts, the first will give a brief introduction of tragedies Hamlet and Thunderstorm, the second will be the analysis of the main characters-Hamlet’s and Claudius’s tragedy aspects and the causes of their tragedies, the third will be the analysis of the tragedy aspects of Fan Yi and Zhou Puyuan and the causes for their tragedies, the fourth is going to be the comparison of the two dramas from different aspects, and the last comes the conclusion.