Abstract：
Kafka’s novel The Metamorphosis shows a reality through a seemingly unbelievable story that modern people who endure the pressure physically and mentally from society will finally be dissimilated. The analysis of the phenomenon of dissimilarity in the novel is the best way to interpret The Metamorphosis. The protagonist Gregor was a typical example of the alienation. This thesis aims to analyze the phenomenon from two perspectives: the external and internal factors. The external factors include the social pressure and the family financial pressure and the internal factor lies in Gregor’s desire to realize complete humanity. Meanwhile the alienation also exists in the modern society. The interpretation of The Metamorphosis has great realistic significance to better understand the phenomenon of dissimilarity and seek the solution to the problem.

Key words: Kafka; The Metamorphosis; Dissimilarity; External factor; Inner factor

摘要：
卡夫卡的《变形记》通过一个不可思议的故事揭露了一个现实：现代人不得不忍受来自社会巨大的身心压力而最终导致异化。对异化现象的分析是解读《变形记》最有效的途径。在这部作品中，主人公格里高利的异化是个体异化最典型的范例。我的论文旨在从两个方面来解释异化现象，一方面是外在因素：包括社会压力及家庭压力，另一方面是内在因素：格里高利要实现完整人性的渴望。同时异化现象在现代社会也存在着。因此，解读《变形记》对我们理解异化现象、寻找应对异化的出路具有深刻的现实意义。

关键词：卡夫卡；《变形记》；异化；外在因素；内在因素

1 An Introduction of the Author and the Work
Franz Kafka is one of the most important and influential fiction writers of the early 20th century. As a novelist and writer of short stories, most of his works, only after his death, came to be admitted as one of the major achievements of 20th century literature. As a representative of expressionism, Kafka didn’t write any complete attractive plots or typical characters in his works, but he developed a school of his own in the writing style. Critics have interpreted Kafka’s works in the context of a variety of literary schools, such as modernism, magic realism, and so on. The apparent hopelessness and absurdity that seem to permeate his works are considered emblematic of existentialism.  His works such as The Trial (1925), The Castle (1926) and Amerika (1927), as well as short stories including The Metamorphosis (1915) and In the Penal Colony (1914) are now together considered to be among the most original work in modern Western literature. His works, most of which were published posthumously, continued to be a source of research, scholarship and philosophical discussion in diverse academic, literary and popular areas.