Abstract and Key Words

Abstract: The article aims to analyze the ecological criticism of the book The Call of the Wild. Ecological criticism, along with the improvement of the human civilization, led to the environment arising deterioration. The main purpose of the theory is to discuss the relationship between man and nature, particularly concerned about human development of the negative impact on environment. The Call of the Wild just exhibits the harmony of man and nature by Buck integrating into the human society. The paper concludes that to achieve the sustainable development and the implementation of the ecological equilibrium, the final mode is man’s co-existence with animals peacefully and observation of the law of nature.

Key Words：ecological criticism; civilization and wild; man and nature; harmony

摘　要: 本文旨在简析《野性的呼唤》一书中的生态批评主义。生态批评是随着人类文明程度的提高导致环境的恶化而产生的。主要任务就是探讨人与自然的关系,尤其关注人类发展对环境的负面影响。通过作品中巴克和人类社会的融合，展现人与自然的和谐。本文将得出结论：要实现人类的可持续发展，最终模式必然是人与动物和平共处、人类遵守自然规律，才能实现生态平衡。

关键词：生态批评；文明与野性；人与自然；和谐

1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction to the Writer
Jack London is one of the significant writers that active in American literary in late 19th and early 20th century. His Jack London was a famous American writer. He was born on January 12, 1876 in California. His family was very poor, and Jack had to leave school to make money. He worked hard in many different jobs. Later, Jack returned to school. But he did not stay long. In the year 1897, he went to Alaska to find gold. Instead of getting much gold, he found ideas for his books and stories. He went back home and began to write. His writing was warmly welcomed and he became rich and famous when he was younger than thirty. But Jack London was not a happy man. In poor health, he took his own life in 1916. He was then only forty years old.
Jack London, whose life symbolized the power of will, was the most successful writer in America in the early 20th Century. His vigorous stories of men and animals against the environment, and survival against hardships were drawn mainly from his own experience. His years in the Klondike searching for gold left their mark in his best short stories; among them, The Call of the Wild, and White Fang. His best novel, The Sea-Wolf, was based on his experiences at sea. While writing for only 16 years throughout his life, London produced an amazing body of work among which, White Fang, Martin Eden, the Valley of the Moon are representative. His work embraced the concepts of unconfined individualism and Darwinism in its exploration of the laws of nature.