摘 要

托马斯 哈代是19世纪英国伟大的现实主义小说家和诗人。他是维多利亚时期最后一个小说家,也是那个时代最伟大的小说家之一。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主,而晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。哈代的威塞克斯小说在世界文坛上占有重大地位，对后辈产生了巨大的影响。他的小说充满了悲剧色彩和讽刺意味，和当时流行的维多利亚时代的乐观主义形成了鲜明的对比。他在小说中常常表达出自己的那种带有宿命论色彩的悲观主义世界观。他认为人的命运是由一股神秘的力量所支配的，人们永远也无法掌控自己的命运，只能被动的沿着其设定的轨道前进。《无名的裘德》是哈代威塞克斯小说的最后一部。小说以悲怆的笔调叙述了乡村青年裘德充满悲剧的一生。这篇论文以《无名的裘德》为例，并结合哈代的生平，旨在深刻的剖析哈代带有宿命论色彩的强烈的悲观主义的世界观。

关键词：托马斯 哈代；无名的裘德；世界观   
 
Abstract

Thomas Hardy was an eminent novelist and poet in Britain at the turn of the 19th century. He was the last Victorian writer and one of the best writers at that time. Hardy, the great writer, lived at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Hardy devoted himself to creating novels when he was young. When he was old, Hardy shifted his aim to write poems. It was his poetry that spearheaded the English literature in the 20th century. Playing an important role in world literature, Hardy’s “Wessex novels” exerted a great influence on the later generations. Most of his novels were tragedy and full of tones of irony, in total contrast to the prevailing Victorian optimism. In his novels, Hardy always expressed his world view, that is, pessimism with a sense of fatalism. Hardy considered that human’s fate was controlled by a kind of mysterious power. People could not control their own fate, only to live at an arranged mode. Jude the Obscure is the last work of the “Wessex novels”, and writer employed sympathized words to describe the tragic life of Jude. Taking Jude the Obscure as an example and connecting Hardy’s life, this thesis aims to give an in-depth analysis of Hardy’s world view.

Keywords: Thomas Hardy; Jude the Obscure; world view

Chapter 1 Introduction
If you want to know Hardy, you should try to know his world’s view, that is, pessimistic fatalism.
Thomas Hardy, both a novelist and a poet, was one of the influential representatives of critical realism at the turn of the 19th century. He was born in Dorset in 1840, a southern county of England, which he called Wessex in his novels. Hardy was a prolific writer. Throughout his life, he wrote fourteen novels, four collections of short stories and eight volumes of poems and two dramas, but he was remembered and valued for the works he published in the Victorian Age. These works were called Wessex novels, which included Under the Greenwood Tree (1872), Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Return of the Native (1878), The Mayor of the Casterbridge (1886), Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1896).