摘   要

简•奥斯丁在英国文学中占有公认的经典地位，她是英国小说伟大传统的缔造者之一。尽管她的小说通常取材于琐碎的家庭生活，然而两百多年来一代代读者不断从奥斯丁笔下的狭小世界中发掘出新的内容，从而逐渐揭示奥斯丁小说平淡无奇的表面之下蕴涵着的深刻的社会意义。
作为一名具有敏锐洞察力的女性作家，奥斯丁对英国十八世纪末、十九世纪初妇女面临的种种问题有着深刻的感受，而她自身的经历也对其写作内容和角度有着深刻影响，因此她的小说富含女性主义观点。其中《爱玛》是奥斯丁作品中最具有代表性的一部。女性主义学者克劳迪娅.约翰逊认为，《爱玛》在奥斯丁的小说中独树一帜，它从正面角度探讨了女性的权利问题，其本身就是体现作者独立性的一次尝试。
本文通过对小说《爱玛》女主人公爱玛及其他女性的分析，旨在找出奥斯丁的女性主义观点在该作品中的具体体现。第一部分简要介绍奥斯丁生平及其作品《爱玛》，同时阐述女性主义的基本理论，指出奥斯丁时代英国女性主义的特点。第二部分结合奥斯丁自身的经历，论述奥斯丁的女性主义观点。第三部分着重分析奥斯丁女性主义观点在小说《爱玛》中的具体体现。第四部分总结全文，得出结论，证明《爱玛》深入全面地体现了奥斯丁的女性主义观点，说明奥斯丁对女性问题的关注反映了她积极的女性主义观。

关键词: 奥斯丁,    女性主义观,    爱玛，    自身经历

ABSTRACT

Jane Austen has an important and honored place in the great tradition of the English novel. Although her works are frequently considered as concerning the trivializing domesticity, readers of her novels continually make fresh discoveries about the world depicted in her fictions and are gradually aware of the profound social significance hidden behind Austen’s stories.
As a sensitive female writer, Austen has a deep feeling about the various problems towards women during the period between 18th and early 19th century, thus we have already found feminist elements in the Austen novels. Of all her works, Emma is often regarded as the most representative. The famous feminist Claudia Johnson believes that Emma is unique, because it discusses the rights of women in a positive point of view. The novel itself is a successful attempt which reflects the authors own opinion.
This thesis, by making an analysis of the heroine, Emma Woodhouse as well as other women in Emma, is aimed at finding Austen’s feminist concerns reflected in the novel. The first part briefly introduces Jane Austen and the critical survey of Emma, and then makes a general overview of theoretic ideas of feminism and in particular feminism in the eighteenth to early nineteenth century with its emphasis on women’s equal rationality. The second part discusses Jane Austen’s personal experience and her basic feminist ideas. The third part deals with the reflection of Austen’s feminist views in Emma. The fourth part reaches the conclusion that Emma contains Austen’s feminist views, and it is the very book that reflects Austen’s feminism in the deepest and comprehensive way, which also proves that Austen has affirmative ideas about women’s rights and makes enlightening comments on women’s existence.

Key words: Austen,    feminism,    Emma,    personal experience