摘要

威廉.华兹华斯是英国浪漫主义诗歌的奠基人之一，同时与柯勒律治、骚塞被誉为“湖畔派”诗人。他长期居住在位于英格兰北部的湖区，过着田园生活，在优美的大自然中，他的性情得到了很好的净化，同时也为其诗歌的创作激发了灵感。因此，其诗歌大多以自然风光，田园景色，贫苦农民的生活以及回忆儿时快乐为题材。他的诗歌主张用简单的语言来表达内心深处的独白。他一直向往着自由快乐的生活，与经过大自然的亲密接触之后，他找到了自己想要的生活。他发现似乎只有在大自然中，他的心灵才能够得以解脱，只有在大自然中，他才能享受这自由自在，无忧无虑的生活。大自然已经成为他的精神家园，他对其爱意是难以用语言表达的，因此他借用诗歌的描述来表达自己对大自然的热爱以及生活在自然中的乐趣。
本文以威廉.华兹华斯的生活社会背景为依据，选择其自然诗歌中的三首来分析，致力于研究其人生观及自然观。文章首先阐述了华兹华斯的创作背景，其次分别分析华兹华斯在经历了英国工业革命后，感受到人类的贪欲使整个社会陷入一潭污水之中，他试图逃脱这样的黑暗现实，再大自然中寻求自由生活。随后他将梦想寄托于法国大革命，希望这次革命可以给他带来心灵的慰藉。然而，随着法国大革命的失败，华兹华斯受到沉重打击，最后将梦想寄托于大自然，并把自己的内心独白用诗歌表达出来。其诗歌大多带有浪漫主义色彩，通过对大自然，劳动者艰苦生活以及儿时快乐时光回忆的描写，主张用简单语言表达深沉的含义。然后从意向，用词，修辞等方面分析他的三首自然诗歌。最后，根据对其三首自然诗歌的分析，从中总结出华兹华斯在经过与大自然的接触后，他保持着怎样的人生观及自然观。

关键词：华兹华斯，自然诗歌，人生观，自然观

Abstract

William. Wordsworth was one of the founders of English romantic poetry. At the same time, Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were called the Lake Poets. Wordsworth lived a rural life in the north of England for a long time. Because of the beautiful nature, his heart was purified, and the inspiration of creating poems had been triggered. Most of his poems were about the beauty of nature, pastoral scenery, the poor people’s life and his sweet memory of childhood. He claimed to use simple words to express his inner heart. Wordsworth was eager to live a free and happy life. After the intimate contacting with nature, he had found the life he wanted. Only in nature could his heart be free, only in nature could he enjoy the ideal life. He regarded nature as his spiritual homeland, and his love to nature could not be expressed by words. Therefore, he showed his inner heart through his poems.
This thesis bases on the social background of Wordsworth, then choose three of his poems to analyze, to aim at studying his outlook on life and nature. It first gives the introduction to the background of Wordsworth’s works. Then analyze that after the experience of the English Revolution, Wordsworth felt that human beings’ greed had broken the harmonious society. So he tried to escape from the cruel reality, and found his freedom in nature. Later on, he believed that the French Revolution could help him to realize his dream. However, with the failure of the French Revolution, Wordsworth was depressed so that he had to depend on nature to comfort his sad heart. He also created nature poems to express his inner heart. Most of his poems contained romantic color and used simple words to describe nature, the hard life of laborers and the sweet memory of childhood. After that, it is the analysis of three of his poems from the aspects of images, usage of words and rhetoric. At the end of this paper, it is the conclusion about Wordsworth’s attitude towards life and nature according to the analysis of his poems.

Key Words: William. Wordsworth, nature poems, outlook on life, outlook on nature