摘要

自女性主义思想萌芽以来，女性主义文学伴着日益扩大的女性主义运动轰轰烈烈地以其燎原之势扑入学术界，带着其异于一般文学流派的厚重的政治色彩凸显在人们眼底。女性主义文学的创作目的大多带有政治性，正如其作者大多为女性本身一样。但早期，受制于黑人的社会地位问题和其极为有限的受教育机会黑人女性主义文学并未跟上女性主义文学的步伐，直至二十世纪下半叶，黑人女性主义文学才发展至巅峰。
美国著名黑人女作家爱丽丝•沃克的妇女主义思想历来是女性主义大潮中颇为别具特色的一支清流，而这种相较一般的正统女性主义思想来说更具社会高度和客观性的理念在其代表作《紫色》中得到了高度的演绎。《紫色》的女主人公西丽在父权与种族的双重压迫下身心受到重创，丧失了其女性自我，变得麻木而否定自我。但黑人女性本身的爆发力以及创造力仍然深深植根于西丽的心中，对妹妹和孩子的思念是她奋起反击父权暴力争取自我的动力，而她的女性爱人莎格则直接提供了来自同性的帮助与温暖，使得西丽开始重新审视自己和生活，开始质疑自己的宗教观念，开始脱离对父权的压迫和依赖，并最终通过建立自己的生活中心与独立人格找回自我的女性意识，建立完整自主的女性形象。书中，黑人女性奋起反抗压迫的精神和爱丽丝.沃克独特的妇女主义精神对于女性主义文学的研究历来具有重要的意义，尤其是当今社会，女性的地位已经逐步得到提升，妇女主义中所提倡的和谐与包容更具有研究价值和现实的启发意义。

关键词：爱丽丝.沃克，女性自我，妇女主义

ABSTRACT

Since the beginning of feminism, feminist literature, which was endowed with particularly heavy political flavor, has poured into academic world fiercely along with feminist movements which had spread widely gradually. The purpose of feminist literature is often related to politics, just as most of its writers are women themselves. However, in the earlier period, black feminist literature didn’t catch up with the main stream because of black people’s low social status and limited education, and it didn’t reach its peak until the second half of twentieth century.
Womanism, held by Alice Walker, the famous American black women writer, has always been a clear stream in feminism. It was endowed with more social value and objectivity compared with orthodox feminism and this thought was highly elaborated in The Color Purple, Alice Walker’s representative work. Celie, heroine of the book, was harmed physically and psychologically by double oppression of gender and race, lost her female identity and became numb and negative. However, the explosive power and creativity of black women had been planted into her heart and sisterhood and motherhood made her fight against patriarchic violence for a feminist self possible. In addition, Celie’s female lover Shug directly provided her the warmth and help for her to reflect on herself and her life, to have doubt about her religious conception, to get rid of patriarchic oppression and dependence, and eventually to reconstruct her female identity and establish the image of a completed independent woman through building her own life center and independent personality. The spirit of resistance from black women and unique thought of womanism in this book has always been significant towards the study of feminist literature. Moreover in today’s society, where female’s status is being improved gradually, the thought of harmony and tolerance of womanism would provide realistic enlightenment and deserves further study.  

Key words: Alice Walker, female identity, womanism