Abstract

Through the ages, education in different ways makes education groups different by personality and by outlook on life value orientation. Individuals, families and countries define various education systems and methods according to different needs. Therefore, education groups reflect different personality performances in different periods, in different countries and under different family education atmosphere. The United States, due to its unique historical and cultural background, has formed its unique way in education mode, therefore, has cultivated generations of American youth with unrestrained national spirit and personality characteristics.
This paper will be taken from part to the overall, from micro to macro, and from special to the general to try to analyze and summarize general rules between personality cultivation and family education.
March sisters have different personalities, but in reality, they all reflect optimistic spirit of American women actively seeking independence and pursuing true value of life. This spirit is closely related with March mother’s beneficial instruction and the warm family atmosphere. Meanwhile, such American family education mode is greatly linked with the cultural background such as the effects of Feminist Movement on female literature and the relevant historical factors such as the entrenched pioneering spirit.
This paper will first try to find out the common personalities of American youth by abstracting the similarities from March sisters’ different personality performances, and then summarize the macro factors responsible for such generalities by analyzing the micro factors in a general way.
By analyzing the connection between family education and children's personality, we can better adopt the American beneficial experience and better understand gains of the four-year college education.

Keywords: family education、personality cultivation、American youth、national spirit、cultural background、general rules

摘  要

古往今来,教育方式不同,所受教育群体的性格及其人生观价值观取向各不相同。个人、家庭和国家以不同需要为依据，厘定了各种不同教育制度与方式。因此，在不同时期、不同国家、不同的家庭教育氛围下，所受教育群体所反映的性格取向表现各异。美国由于其独特的历史文化背景，在教育问题上也形成了其独特的方式，因此培养形成了一代代美国青年自由奔放的民族精神与性格特色。
本文将从《小妇人》中四姐妹所反映的性格特色以及马奇母亲所营造的家庭教育氛围两方面入手，将两者之间的联系进行整合得出结论。本文将采取从部分到整体，从微观到宏观，从特殊到一般的方式来尝试分析并总结出性格培养与家庭教育之间的一般规律，从而在理论和实践上对教育起到一定的反思与指导作用。
书中马奇四姐妹的性格各有差异,但纠其相同点,都反映了那一时期美国青年追求独立,积极追求幸福生活的乐观精神，这与马奇一家温馨和谐的家庭氛围是息息相关的，而这样的美式家庭教育与当时的文化背景(如女权运动对女性文学的影响)以及相关历史因素(如美国根深蒂固的拓荒精神)是有莫大联系的。
本文将首先通过从马奇四姐妹不同的性格特点中提炼出相似点从而得出美国青年性格上的共性；其次，本文将通过综合分析导致这些共性的微观因素从而分析总结出宏观因素。找出家庭教育与孩子性格之间的关联，有利于借鉴美国有益的教育经验，让我们更好地反思大学四年的教育所得。

关键词: 家庭教育  性格培养  美国青年  民族精神 文化背景 一般规律