摘要

托马斯•哈代是英国著名的现实主义小说家，也是一个典型的宿命论者。在他的作品德伯家的苔丝中，弥漫着浓重的宿命论思想。本文从哈代的生活经历，社会环境，达尔文的进化论思想和叔本华的哲学思想方面着手，分析了哈代宿命论的形成原因，以及宿命论通过巧合和暗示的手法在《德伯家的苔丝》中的体现，得出哈代的宿命论是对资本主义社会道德观的批判的结论。

关键词：宿命论，巧合，暗示，批判

Abstract:

     Thomas Hardy is a famous novelist and a Victorian realist. As a typical fatalist, his thoughts of fatalism are easy to be found in his famous novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles. This paper analyzes the formation of Hardy’s fatalism and the manifestation of his fatalism from Hardy’s life experiences and social background, Darwin’s evolution theory and Schopenhauer’s philosophy and it draws the conclusion that the essence of Hardy’s fatalism is the criticism to morality of the capitalist society.

Key Words: Fatalism, Coincidence, Indication, Criticism

1    Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy was the last outstanding English realistic novelist and poet of the Victorian period. He was born in 1840 in east of Dorchester in Dorset, England. His father was a master mason and his mother was a woman interested in literature. When Hardy left school at 16, he was apprenticed to an architect in Dorchester and remained in that profession for almost twenty years. During that period, he kept learning literature and philosophy by his own. Hardy did not start to write novels until he returned home in 1867. Since then, he wrote Under the Greenwood Tree, Far from the Madding Crowd, The Return to the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Jude of Obscure and other 14 novels all his life.