Abstract:

Henry David Thoreauis, the 19th century American transcendentalist writer, is also an outstanding and influential philosopher, naturalist, the pioneer of modern environmentalism, and environmental scientist. The main body of the thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first part, it introduces Thoreau and his works. In the second part, it mainly discusses the origins of Thoreau’s ecological view from three angles. In the third part, it makes an analysis of the Ecological implications in Walden. In his opinion, all natural creation has life; therefore mankind should respect nature and live in harmony with it. In the fourth part, the paper aims to discuss the main content of Thoreau’s ecology, and attempts to interpret his romantic, transcendental and overall harmonious ecological views respectively. We can understand the author’s forward- looking humanistic spirit and ecological philosophy in the works.

Key words: Thoreau; Walden; ecological views; nature

摘要：

亨利•戴维•梭罗是美国超验主义作家，也是一位杰出的影响巨大的哲学家、 自然主义者、环境科学家，也是当代环境主义运动的先驱。本论文正文分为四个章节，第一章节对梭罗和他的作品介绍，第二章节探讨了梭罗生态观的缘起，从三个角度出发。第三章分析了梭罗生态思想在瓦尔登湖中的体现，梭罗认为自然万物都是有生命的，人是自然的一部分。自然与人处于平等地位，所以人类要尊重自然并与自然和谐相处。第四章探讨了梭罗生态观的主要内容，分别从浪漫的生态观，超验的生态观和整体和谐的生态观三方面进行分析，我们从中能体会到作者超前的生态人文精神和生态思想。

关键词：梭罗；《瓦尔登湖》；生态观；自然

1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Thoreau and His works
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) was born in Concord, Massachusetts, and his father, John, was a pencil maker. Thoreau studied at Harvard University during 1833 to 1837. In 1837, He worked as a pencil maker with his father, a handyman, a famer, however, at the same time, he was an accomplished Greek scholar. In 1845, he built a small wooden house at Walden Pond by himself, and lived and studied there for two-years and two months alone. He supported himself and made a living by growing plants and doing some odd jobs in the village nearby. He reduced his material needs by living simply, so that he would not have to spend much time supporting a lifestyle that he did not need or care about. He remains one of the most accomplished and deliberate writers in his country. He died on May 6th 1862 at the age of 44.