摘要

莎士比亚戏剧混合运用浪漫主义、现实主义、象征主义手法，调动多种艺术手段凸现人性，通过对戏剧人物的描写真实地描绘现实生活，反映时代精神，并将自己对真、善、美一体的统一理想通过正面人物或非正面人物的形象表现出来。剧作家赋予戏剧人物和场景以深邃的审美意义，鼓舞人们冲破现实的阴霾，为光明的未来胜利进行斗争。莎士比亚的道德理想及对善恶界限的划分无疑会引起当代人的思考和共鸣。本文将从审美心理学角度来考察莎剧中理想的人性和真善美一体的道德规范，以及其对当代人的意义。

关键词：莎士比亚戏剧人物；真善美；时代精神；审美意义

Abstract

Shakespeare’s plays have combined multiple modes of artistic expression such as romanticism, realism and symbolism to highlight the humanity. By creating different roles, he truly depicts the real life, best exemplifies the zeitgeist of his time, and uses the image of the protagonist and antagonist to express his ideals of the unity of truth, virtue and beauty. Shakespeare gives the characters and scenes the profound aesthetic significance, encourages people to break through the haze of reality and fight for a bright future. His ethical ideal and moral standards can certainly invoke the modern people’s reflections and echoes. This thesis based on the aesthetic view analyzes the ideal humanity and the moral standards Shakespeare advocates in his plays, as well as the significance they reveal for modern people. 

Key words:  characters in Shakespeare’s plays; truth, virtue, beauty; zeitgeist; aesthetic significance

1    Introduction
William Shakespeare is universally regarded as the greatest dramatist and the finest poet of the English literature. He is not only the greatest but also the most powerful and influential of the English writers and poets (杨周翰，1981). Shakespeare lived in England during the Queen Elizabeth I, which was called the Elizabethan Age and considered as a peak of English culture. It is in such social background and atmosphere that Shakespeare nurses himself into a real master of early modern English and develops his profound understanding of human nature and his ability to create such vivid and interesting characters. Undoubtedly, Shakespeare has a directly significant influence in the shaping of English literature and the development of the English language, which indirectly again affect people’s view on moral standard in real life. A look on Shakespeare’s life may be ordinary, but a look on his creations can be amazing and call for deep thought. From 1590 to 1613, he created totally 38 plays, including the chronicle play, comedy, tragedy, and the legend play. His most famous plays are Romeo and Juliet (1596), The Merchant of Venice (1596), Hamlet (1601), Othello (1604), King Lear (1605), Macbeth (1606), Twelfth Night (1600), Winter’s Tale (1610), and The Tempest (1612). Ben Johnson (1981) once said that he didn’t belong to a certain time, but belonged to forever. All of these fully show Shakespeare’s status in the civilization and the culture.