摘要

元认知(Metacognitive)这一术语从20世纪七十年代由美国发展心理学家弗拉维尔(Flavell，1976)提出后，众多研究者对元认知在个体知识掌握过程中的作用给予了积极的肯定，同时也从自己的研究思路出发，提出了对元认知的理解。大部分的学者认同了弗拉维尔的元认知概念，即元认知是“对认知的认知"。元认知包括元认知知识，元认知策略。本文探讨了元认知策略在英语教学中的运用，提出了今后研究的建议。

关键词：元认知；元认知知识；元认知策略

Abstract

The term“Meta-cognitive”was first brought up by the American psychologist Flavell in the 1970s．After that，a lot of researchers affirmed the positive effect of meta-cognition on the acquisition of knowledge．And at the same time，they offered their own understanding of meta-cognitive from their own point of view．Many scholars accept Flavell’s concept about meta-cognition，that is，meta-cognition is“the cognition of cognition”．Meta-cognition includes meta-cognitive knowledge，meta-cognitive knowledge．The research concrete pedagogical implication for meta-cognitive strategies and the suggested training model are discussed. And suggestions are put forward so as to promote future meta-cognitive strategy training and improve English learning.

Key words: meta-cognition；meta-cognitive knowledge；meta-cognitive strategies

1 Introduction

Meta-cognition was first definitely advanced by the American psychologist J．H．Flavell (1976) in the 1970s. It was called meta-cognition because its core meaning was“cognition about cognition” (Flavell，1985：104). Since then，the concept of meta-cognition has been widely cited and studied in the field of psychology, education，and linguistics，etc．What is clear from cognitive psychology is that learners are far from passive in their learning；rather they are actively involved in making sense of the tasks or problems with which they are faced in order to learn．When confronted with a learning task, learners have various resources at their disposal and make use of them in different ways．Cognitive strategies are only one of the resources people have available to them．As we shall see，we also make use of a variety other strategies to help us to learn something． Over the past few decades there has been a growing amount of research into language learning strategies．A useful distinction is made on learning strategies between cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies．Cognitive strategies are seen as mental process directly concerned with the processing of information in order to learn，that is，for obtaining，storage，retrieval or use of information．