摘要

    英语教学长期以来一直是我国初中教育阶段的一项重要内容。而语法是英语遣词造句的规则之所在，同英语的理解和运用有着密切的关系，因此语法教学是英语教学的重中之重。而长期以来，我国英语语法教学试图将中文同英语简单对应，通过大量的练习巩固初中英语学习者的英语语法知识。然而，由于英语同中文在语法上存在的巨大差异，导致了教学过程无法简单地做到中英一一对应，进而引起了一系列的语法错误。事实上，很多常见的初中英语语法错误都是由中英文在语法上所存在的差异所引起的。这样的差异带来的消极影响在二语习得理论中称为负迁移。本文从负迁移角度出发，从字词和语法两个层面将中英文语法对比，探究初中英语学习者常犯语法错误的原因，进而提出四条减少初中英语学习者语法错误，进一步提高我国初中英语语法教学的质量和效率的策略：1.在英语课堂教学中开展中英语法对比教学2.指引初中英语学习者分析英语语法结构3.鼓励初中英语学习者多接触英语原版材料4.组织多样的英语实践活动。

关键词：语法错误，对比，负迁移，策略

ABSTRACT

    English teaching has been an important part in middle school in China and English grammar, the rule for forming phrases and sentences in English, affects both the understanding and application of English. So, grammar teaching is the key of English teaching. In China, the mainstream method for English teaching tries to find direct equivalents between Chinese and English. But due to the great differences lying between English grammar and Chinese grammar, such equivalents can hardly be found on most occasions, thus leading to many grammar errors on the part of students. These errors are to a great extent caused by the differences between English and Chinese in grammar. And the negative effects brought about by the differences are called negative transfer in second language acquisition theory. This paper compares and contrasts Chinese grammar and English grammar at the lexical level and syntax level and analyzes the causes of the frequently made errors. On the basis of the analysis, it puts forward four strategies from the perspective of negative transfer to reduce the grammar errors and improve the quality and efficiency of middle school English teaching. These four strategies are: 1. to make more comparisons and contrasts between Chinese grammar and English grammar in classroom teaching; 2. to teach students how to analyze grammar; 3. to guide students to learn more about authentic materials; 4. to organize activities for students to apply English.

Key words: grammar errors; comparison and contrast; negative transfer; strategies.