Abstract

When people learn their first language, both language and culture are learned simultaneously. While in the process of second language education, culture should also be learned as well as the language. Only when learners have prior knowledge of culture can they master this language. Culture is a complex social phenomenon. It is everywhere and all-encompassing, which can be seen everywhere in life. Cultural characteristics and differences can best be reflected in language. In the early forties and fifties, some Western linguists put forward that language should be teaching together with culture.
In recent years, with the deepening of foreign language teaching, a growing number of teachers are increasingly aware that it is impossible to dissociate language from culture. While in the process of teaching, it is found that problems caused by cultural discrepancy in second language education is becoming more prevalent. Trouble in learning English language professional knowledge and anxiety caused by fear and lack of confidence lead to poor concentration on study. Except for some objective reasons, such as social and cultural background factors and age factors, some subjective reasons like attitudes and motivations have also had an effect on the process of teaching and learning. Only by analyzing the factors and solving these problems one by one can students learn a second language well.

Keywords: language; culture; second language education; cultural discrepancy

摘要

人们在学习第一语言时，语言和文化是同时习得的。然而在学习第二语言的过程中也应该同时学习该语言的文化，因为只有对该语言的文化有了一定的了解，才能真正的习得这种语言。文化是一种复杂的社会现象，它无处不在，无所不包，渗透于社会生活的各个方面。民族文化特征和差异最能体现在语言中。早在四、五十年代，一些西方语言学家就提出了语言教学必须结合文化。
近年来，随着外语教学的不断深入，从事语言教学的教师们也越来越意识到，语言与文化不能截然分开。然而在教学过程中，文化差异导致学生学习第二语言的困难越来越普遍。学生不仅不能很好地掌握专业知识，有时甚至会因为担心甚至恐惧不自信而造成焦虑，导致学生更加难以集中精力进行学习。除了一些客观原因，例如社会和文化背景因素以及年龄的因素，一些主观因素例如态度和动机同样影响着学习和教学的进程。只有深刻分析这些因素，一一找到解决措施，才能使学生更加高效率高质量的学好外语。

关键词：语言；文化；第二语言学习；文化差异