[摘 要]

动机被看作是影响外语学习的一个重要的心理因素。动机可促成学习者学习行为的发生并促进和提高学习成果。因此，对于英语教师而言，了解有关动机的知识非常必要。从不同的方面，动机可分为：融合性动机、工具型动机、内在动机和外在动机等等。而且从不同的角度了解动机的含义也是非常重要的。进行外语学习动机研究可以帮助我们理解外语学习的心理过程、社会因素及个体差异，其最重要的意义是探索培养学生英语学习动机的途径。此论文根据先前的研究并结合中学生学习英语的障碍探索提高学习动机的有用方法和策略，如分析教学中的情绪因素，重建学生在课堂教学中的主体性，贯彻在课堂上给予学生暗示的新方式，营造和谐的课堂气氛等。通过这些措施，学生将成为课堂上的主体，充分利用自身潜能提高学习成果。同样希望此论文能更好地促进英语的教与学。

[关键词]动机；定义；心理障碍；培养

Abstract:

Motivation has been considered an important psychological factor in the learning of a foreign language. It can motivate learner’s learning activity and promote their learning achievement. Researching on the motivation of foreign language, can help us comprehend the mental process of foreign language learning, social factors and individual differences, and the most important sense is to explore the approaches of cultivating students’ motivation of English learning. The paper, based on the previous findings and middle school students’ obstacles in learning English, explores useful methods and strategies for teachers to enhance students’ motivation, such as analyzing emotional factor in teaching, re-establishing students as the subject in classroom, implementing the methods of giving cues or hints, creating pleasant atmosphere in classroom etc. Through these all measurements, students will become major conductors, make full use of their potentials and reinforce their study results. It’s hoped that the present study will help to bring about great progress in making English teaching and learning more effective and efficient.

Key words: Motivation; definition; mental obstacle; cultivation     

1. Introduction
   Foreign language teaching is quite a complex process. There are two types of factors to affect students’ study achievements, namely intrinsic and extrinsic. According to the investigation of some learning theories, it is the learner who finally determines the study result. However, in all individual affecting factors, learner’s study motivation is the most important. In English teaching, we often notice such a fact that at the very beginning, a great number of people are actively involved in learning a foreign language, but as time goes on, their enthusiasm is diminishing and the number of the learners is decreasing. This kind of phenomenon is a common case. It is a difficult task for the teacher to change this fact. It is believed that the key to improve it is to create and foster the students’ interest in language learning and to maintain their motivation. “Motivation is regarded as one of the most important variables affecting the students’ performance of English, which is widely concerned by foreign language learners and teachers for a long time.”The research of motivation is very necessary in foreign language teaching. Spolky said:“the more motivation a learner has, the more time he or she will spend learning an aspect of a second language.”. So teachers should try every efficient means to stimulate Ss’ motivation to achieve a harmony and cozy environment between learning and teaching.