An Analysis of Dick’s Deterioration in Tender Is the Night Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs_英语论文

摘要

19菲茨杰拉德（1896-1940）是20世纪20年代美国“爵士时代”的“桂冠诗人”和“迷茫的一代”的代表作家之一。在他短暂的创作生涯中，他留下了4部经典长篇小说和160多篇短篇小说。他的小说描写了当时社会生活，真实的再现了“爵士时代”的社会风貌。《夜色温柔》是菲茨杰拉德生前完成的最后一部长篇小说，小说描述了出身卑微但才华出众的青年迪克追求梦想，却遭遇梦想破灭，最终堕落的故事。本论文主要通过马斯洛的“需求层次理论”来分析迪克堕落的原因。论文主要分为五章，前三章介绍了菲茨杰拉德及其作品、国内外对《夜色温柔》的研究现状以及马斯洛的“需求层次理论”。第四章从迪克的生理需求的满足和安全需求、爱与归属感需求、尊重需求的缺失以及自我实现需求的无法满足的角度分析迪克无法实现梦想，最终被社会抛弃的原因。第五章为总结部分，总结得出迪克堕落的原因在于多方面的需求层次得不到满足。人是环境的产物，社会的不断发展满足人类更多需求，促促人进步。通过分析迪克的堕落，有助于更好的了解人类进步所需要满足的需求。

关键词：《夜色温柔》  迪克  堕落  需求层次理论

Abstract

Fitzgerald（1896-1940）was the “poet laureate” of “Jazz Age” and one of the representative writers of “loss generation” in America in 1920s. In his brief creative life, he left behind 4 classic novels and more than 160 short stories. His work described the social life of the time which vividly reproduced the social features of the “Jazz Age”. Tender is the night was the last finished novel written by Fitzgerald before his death. It is a story about the process of pursuing dream. Dick who came from a humble background but was talent tried to realize his dream but failed and even deteriorated in the last. This thesis mainly analyzes Dick’s deterioration from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It contains five chapters. The first three chapters briefly introduce Fitzgerald and his works, literature review at home and abroad and the theory—Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The forth chapter analyzes the reason why Dick failed to realize his dream and was abandoned by the society from the satisfaction of physiological needs and dissatisfaction of safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. In the fifth chapter, conclusion can be drawn that many levels of needs could not be met is the reason of Dick’s deterioration. Man is a creature of circumstances. People’s needs can be satisfied to make progress with the successive improvement of society. By analyzing Dick’s deterioration, the needs that needed to be satisfied to make people improved can be understood better.

Key words: Tender Is the Night  Dick  deterioration  Hierarchy of needs

Contents

Chapter One  Introduction 1

1.1 A Brief Introduction to F.Scott Fitzgerald 1

1.2 A Brief Introduction to Tender Is the Night 3

Chapter Two  Literature Review 6

2.1 Previous Studies on Tender Is the Night Abroad 6

2.2 Previous Studies on Tender Is the Night at Home 7

Chapter Three  Theoretical Framework 9

3.1  A Brief Introduction to Abraham Maslow 9

3.2  Introduction of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 11

3.2.1 Definition of Physiological Needs 12

3.2.2 Definition of Safety Needs 13

3.2.3 Definition of Love and Belonging Needs 13

3.2.4 Definition of Esteem Needs 14

3.2.5 Definition of Self-actualization Needs 15

Chapter Four  Analysis of Dick’s Deterioration 16

4.1  The Satisfaction of Physiological Needs 16

4.2  The Dissatisfaction of Safety Needs 17

4.3  The Dissatisfaction of Love and Belonging Needs 18

4.4  The Dissatisfaction of Esteem Needs 19

4.5  The Failure of Self-actualization Needs 21

Chapter Five  Conclusion 23

5.1 Conclusion 23

5.2 Limitation and Suggestions 24

Bibliography

Acknowledgements