语用失误和英语口语教学_英语论文

Pragmatic Failure and Oral English Teaching

摘要

语用失误是跨文化交际中的常见问题。造成语用失误的原因是多种多样的。许多学者对于造成语用失误的原因做了各方面的解释。但是很少有语言学家运用语用失误的理论去指导口语教学，并提出相应的解决方法。为了说明语用失误理论对口语教学的重要意义，本论文首先介绍了语用能力，口语能力以及他们之间的关系，之后引出语用失误的定义和语用失误的类型。在了解了语用失误的一些基本信息之后，本论文从语用语言学和社会语用学两个角度讨论了造成语用失误的原因。其中从语用语言学的角度讨论了不合理的目标语运用，不遵守合作准则和礼貌准则等。从社会语用学角度讨论了，文化差异，社会地位以及禁忌语等造成的语用失误。最后本论文进入到其中心论点，提出如何在英语口语教学中避免语用失误，主要从转变思维方式，地道的口语输入，语用准则的遵守和文化差异知识的补充，这几个方面来提出解决方案。总而言之，本论文的目的在于找出造成语用失误的原因，从而在英语口语教学中提出相应的解决办法。

关键词：语用失误； 原因； 口语教学； 方法

Abstract

Pragmatic failure is a common problem in intercultural communication. The causes of pragmatic failure are various. Many scholars give the explanations of pragmatic failure from all aspects. However, few linguists apply the theory of pragmatic failure to instruct the oral English teaching and propose the approaches to solve this problem. In order to explain the significance of the theory of pragmatic failure to the oral English teaching, this thesis first introduces the pragmatic competence, oral competence and the relationship between them. Then this thesis introduces the definition and types of pragmatic failure. After getting some basic knowledge of pragmatic failure, this thesis discusses the causes of pragmatic failure from the aspects of pragmalinguistics and sociopragmatics. From the aspect of pragmalinguistics, this thesis discusses improper use of target language expression, the disobedience of the Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle and so on. From the aspect of sociopragmatics, this thesis discusses the causes of pragmatic failure from cultural difference, social status and taboo topics. At last how to avoid the pragmatic failure in oral English teaching brings the thesis to its main concern. It proposes approaches from changing the ways of thinking, more authentic input, obedience of pragmatic principles and the knowledge of cultural differences. In a word, this thesis aims at finding out the causes of pragmatic failure to propose approaches in oral English teaching.

Key words: Pragmatic failure; Causes; Oral English Teaching; Approaches

Contents

Introduction 5

Chapter One A General Introduction to Oral Competence and Pragmatic Competence. 6

Chapter Two A General Introduction to Pragmatic Failure 7

Chapter Three Causes of Pragmatic Failure 7

3.1 The potential pragmalinguistic failure and its causes 7

3.1.1 Improper use of target language expression 8

3.1.2 Strict obedience of grammatical rules in target language 8

3.1.3 Inappropriate transference of speech act strategies 9

3.1.4 Uncomprehension of speech act theory 10

3.1.5 Nontranslatability of illocutionary force 11

3.1.6 Violation of the Cooperative Principle 12

3.1.7 Violation of the Politeness Principle 14

3.2 The potential sociopragmatic failure and its causes 16

3.2.1 Cultural and value judgments 16

3.2.2 Interlocutor’s identity or social status 17

3.2.3 Taboo topics 18

Chapter Four Approaches to Avoid Pragmatic Failure in Oral 18

English Teaching 18

4.1 Thinking in the target language 18

4.2 More authentic input 19

4.3 Adding the basic pragmatic principle into teaching 20

4.4 The knowledge of cultural differences 20

Conclusion 21

Bibliography 21

Acknowledgements 22