Abstract:

This paper discusses the ways and reasons the of speech use in English news reporting by using some pragmatic theories.It solves the questions in a certain sense that what’s the pragmatic motivation of speech use and how to properly use it in English news reports. It arrives a conclusion that it is an inevitable trend to analyze the speech from the syntactic level to discourse level through by using of pragmatics theories. And the use of speech is a pragmatic choice  and  a communication tactics.

Key words: news speech; pragmatic effectiveness; pragmatic motivation; discourse level

摘要：

本文运用语用学理论，探讨英语新闻报道中引语的使用方式和原因, 在一定意义上解决了英语新闻中引语的语用理据是什么、如何恰当使用新闻引语的问题。本文结论认为将引语从句法层面引向语篇层面进行分析，是充分运用语用学理论的一个必然趋势。同时证实新闻引语的使用是一种语用选择，是记者为了顺应其新闻报道而采用的一种交际策略的观点。

关键词：新闻引语； 语用效果； 语用理据；语篇层面
 
1. Introduction
Speech refers to the words that people use to strengthen the effects of expression in a certain communicative situation. In the human history of language communication, the use of speech is very common.During the middle of last century, domestic and overseas research on the phenomenon of speech came into two stages. The first stage began in the late 1990s. Researches on the phenomenon of speech mainly came from the view of traditional descriptive research. For example, Leech & Short (1981) have separated speech into five kinds of speech from the point of direct and indirect quotation：direct speech、indirect speech、free direct speech and free indirect speech. He also summarized the rules that how does direct speech transform into indirect speech in the aspects of personal pronoun, place adverbial, the time adverbial and sense. The second stage focused on dividing language report into direct speech and indirect speech, and put them in the projecting system, thinking that the direct speech projects wording while indirect speech projects meaning. And that results in two different types of reality: the natural world which the matter exists on and the characterization world under the language system.