Abstract

       The usage of preposition is a common linguistic phenomenon. Without prepositions, many expressions in daily life can not be successfully achieved. With the rise of cognitive linguistics, the research on preposition semantics gradually catch people’s attention and more and more scholars began to study it from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.In recent years, studies have shown that, although the preposition usage is seemingly chaotic,in fact it is highly organized . The developments and changes in the semantics of prepositions are highly correlated with the human cognitive mechanisms.Applying the theory of cognitive linguistics ,the topic analyzes the semantic features of the prepositions UP. In the meantime, through combining the cognitive mechanism of metaphor,the paper has a further exploration to the semantic methods and mechanism.And the paper also has an analysis of its prototype significance (spatial sense) ,the marginal significance (metaphorical sense) and the expansion process between them.
    Through the analysis of the real corpus,the paper concludes that the prototype significance of the preposition UP is upward.Under the effect of the mechanism metaphor, its semantic extension occurs and the two basic ways are radical expansion and chain expansion.The preposition UP has two kinds of extended meanings:extended spatial meaning and extended non-spatial meaning.The extended spatial meaning are approaching the observer,forward and northward.The extended non-spatial meaning are quantity,social hierarchy,time and state.
      
Key words:UP;metaphor;meaning extension

摘  要

     介词的使用是一种常见的语言现象，离开介词，我们很多常见的语言表达均无法顺利实现。随着认知语言学的兴起，介词的语义研究逐渐引起重视，越来越多的学者开始从认知的角度对介词的语义进行研究。近几年的研究表明,表面上近乎混乱的介词用法具有高度组织化的特征，介词语义的发展变化与人类的认知机制高度相关。本选题运用认知语言学相关理论,对介词Up的语义特征进行探讨分析；同时结合隐喻这一认知机制,对介词Up的语义扩展方式及机制做进一步的探讨。分析探索其原型意义 ( 空间意义) 及边缘意义 ( 隐喻意义) 和它们之间的拓展过程。
     本选题通过对真实语料的分析，了解了Up原型义是表示空间方位：向上。介词Up在隐喻的认知机制作用下发生了语义扩展，扩展的方式有辐式扩展和链式扩展两种基本方式。介词Up的扩展意义分为两种即扩展的空间意义和扩展的非空间意义。扩展的空间意义有：靠近，数量增加，方向向北。扩展的非空间意义有：数量，社会地位，时间，状态

关键词：UP;隐喻；语义扩展