Abstract:

Illocutionary meaning is a common language phenomenon which is in written language and oral language and it plays an very important role in speech communicative activities. In human communications, illocutionary meaning is an essential communicative forms. It affects every aspect of our daily life. This paper refers to contextuality, rhetoric, glottology and pragmatic and some strategies, knowledge and research methods on relevant subjects . This paper explores the interpersonal values and aesthetic values of the existence of illocutionary force and also concludes some ways to understand and analyze illocutionary force, in-depth dynamic research on illocutionary force, in terms of verbal communication. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part examines the condition and causes of the origination and existence of illocutionary force, mainly on social and political environment, national factors, human aesthetics and tact maxim. The second part explores the historical researches mainly carried on by Langshaw Austin and his student Searle. This paper mainly focus on their research result-Speech Act Theory. The third part mainly discusses current situation. One is the cause of illocutionary force in students’ misunderstandings and the cause of unclear expression in communicative failure. The fourth part concludes four methods to analyze and understand illocutionary forces/acts: grasping the tone and feelings, finding out causes and results, thinking about metaphorical objects and understanding tenor and identifying the hints in the concrete contexts. And the last part proceeds in effects and values of illocutionary forces in interpersonal communication.

Key words: illocutionary meaning；context；effects

摘要：

言外之意是存在于书面语言和口头语言中的普遍现象，它在言语交际活动中占据着至关重要的地位。在人际交流中， 言外之意是必不可少的交际形式。它影响着我们生活的方方面面。本文参考语境学、修辞学，言语学和语用学等以及相关学科的一些策略，知识和研究方法。本文主要探索言外行为存在的交际价值和审美价值， 并且总结一些方法来分析和理解言外行为，从言语交际的角度，进行较全面深入的动态研究。本文分成五个部分。第一部分阐述言外行为生成和存在的原因和条件，主要从社会和政治环境，国家因素，人类审美心理和得体原则上考虑。第二部分主要探索由奥斯汀和他的学生塞尔进行的研究。本文主要关注他们的研究结果——言语行为理论。第三部分主要讨论当今言外行为存在的现状。一个是言外行为导致的学生在交际中的错误的理解，另一个是交际中言外行为导致的不清楚的表达。第四部分总结了四个分析和理解言外行为的方法：抓住语气和情感，找出原因和结果，思索喻体理解主体和根据具体语境找出暗示。最后一部分是归纳言外行为的作用和价值。

关键词：言外之意；语境；影响