摘　要

在社会经济迅猛发展的过程中，生态环境问题日益突出。越来越多的人开始思考：在发展经济的同时，怎样做到与自然和谐相处。以牺牲环境而谋求经济发展成了一个恶性循环。这样的恶性循环是伴随在人类历史发展历程中的。19世纪的美国社会发展就存在着一些相类似之处。本文通过小说《白鲸》这部19世纪极具代表性的反映社会现实的长篇小说来研究人与自然的关系。小说以当时的捕鲸业为背景，讲述了一场在海上发生的捕鲸人与白鲸--莫比.迪克之间的故事。本文从三个部分来分析小说：一是国内外学者关于小说的研究，二是时代背景，三是主要人物之间不同的行为方式和生态观，并采用了论述、收集资料、对比等研究方法来论述，进一步剖析小说中人与自然之间的矛盾但又相互依存、紧密联系的复杂关系，以期从研究对象中得出一些有利于现今社会可持续发展的启示。

关键词：人； 自然； 矛盾；生态观

Abstract

With the development of social economy, the ecological environment problem is becoming seriously. More and more people start to consider a question that how to live in harmony with nature at the same time of developing the economy. The way that fast economic growth at the expense of environmental degradation becomes a vicious spiral. And this kind of vicious spiral is accompanied with the development course of human history. And the America society in 19th century had some similarity. Moby Dick was a representative full-length novel of reflecting social reality at that time. And through the analyzing of this novel, the paper reveals the relations between man and nature. The novel is based on a background of whaling industry and elaborated a story which happened between whalers and a white whale called Moby Dick in the sea. In order to further dissect the complex relations between human beings and nature. The essay analyzes the novel from three parts: the first part is literature review; the second part is the background of novel, and the third part is the different behaviors and ecological views between major characters. What’s more, the paper’s major research methods are analyzing, comparing and collecting materials. From a series study on the novel Moby Dick, the paper will get some inspiration for our society’s sustainable development.

Key words: human beings; nature; contradiction; ecological view

1 Introduction
Today, everything in our society is on the rise. The economy is developing rapidly and people’s living quality is improving. However, the environment has been along with the rapid development of economy. Naturally, the deteriorated ecological environment has been slowing down the development of our society. It becomes a character of our society and a vicious spiral. People have come to realize that fast economic growth at the expense of massive energy consumption and environmental degradation is not sustainable. This issue is not only exists in our times but also accompany with human history. And the author found that the situation has a little similarity with America in the 19th century that is sacrificing the environment for economic development.