摘　要

托马斯•哈代是英国现实主义文学大师。在小说中他通过象征意义来表现其作品丰富而深刻的内涵，以揭示作品的主题，唤起读者的共鸣。《德伯家的苔丝》是英国托马斯哈代最伟大的作品之一,其追溯的是一个叫苔丝的年轻女人的命运,他巧妙的运用了象征的艺术手法塑造了人物形象，使一个被凌辱的农村少女这样一个看似简单，甚至有些单薄的故事具备了悲剧的规模和深度，并通过以象征的手法传达出自己对历史、现实、人生的总体体验和理解.本文将运用大量举例分析研究这部小说象征艺术的八大方面：动物象征，植物象征，颜色象征，地名象征等等，说明诱发悲剧发生的主要原因，烘托故事的悲剧氛围以及塑造人物的悲剧性格.

关键词：苔丝；象征主义；悲剧

Abstract

Thomas Hardy is a realism literature master in Britain. His many works represent rich and deep allusion, reveal the theme, and arouse the resonance of the readers through the use of symbolism and allusion. Thomas Hardy's story entitled Tess of the D' Urbervilles is taken into account as his most excellent novel .Tess of the D' Urbervilles is a novel in the sense that tragedy streams out through poetry, a brilliant tale of seduction, love, betrayal, murder. regarded as Hardy's finest. It mainly about a young woman's fate whose name is Tess. The writer Hardy utilized symbolism masterly to create the character of Tess and made the simple story filled with tragedy. Hardy also expressed his overall experience and understanding for the history, reality, life through the use of symbolism. The paper will use a lot of examples to analyze and study some categories of symbolism like: animals, plants, name, colors and so on. And those symbolisms will explain the course of Tess’ tragedy, Render the Atmosphere and shape the character of Tess.

Key words ：Tess；symbolism；tragedy

1 Introduction
 
In Hardy's works, the novels of ‘character and environment’ are the best. And Tess of the D' Urbervilles can be recognized as the typical one. The novel deeply exposes the tragedy life of the common people--Tess. The main character Tess is an innocent and pretty country girl who tossed into situations brought about by fate. From this famous novelist, we can feel deeply the tragic effects the fate brings, and this is exactly what moves the readers so dramatically and gives Hardy the unique status in world literature history. We can not help but feel the intense emotions of pity and fear. To stress Tess's tragic fate and her personality, the character image and the pattern or structure are shaped successfully by Hardy lie in the widely use of symbolisms and allusion.