摘　要

杰克••••••••伦敦是二十世纪初美国最伟大的小说家之一，《野性的呼唤》作为他的代表作之一主要讲述的是关于狗的故事。主人公巴克经历了由被主人宠爱到被人拐卖变为一只雪橇犬,并很快成为领头犬，最后成为一群狼的首领的过程。文中巴克的形象以及多重性格留给读者深刻的印象，这也是这部作品在人们心中经久不衰的原因。在主人公巴克的身上，人性和兽性体现的淋漓尽致，人性寓于兽性中，兽性中又体现着人性。同时这部作品也诠释了“适者生存”这一原则。作者通过描写动物世界中“人性”的沦丧和“野性”的复苏，揭示了当时社会人与人之间勾心斗角的本质。本文将通过分析巴克的转变来反映作者对现实“文明社会”的看法以及自己的人生哲学。

关键词：巴克；适者生存；人性；野性

Abstract

Jack London is one of the most outstanding American novelists in the early twentieth century. As one of his masterpieces, “The Call of the Wild” mainly tells the story about a dog named Buck. The hero Buck was once a pet; however, he was trafficked as a sled dog and soon he became a leading dog, finally, he became the leader of a pack of wolves. Buck’s image and multiple characteristics leave a deep impression on the readers, which is the reason that the work is eternal in people's hearts as well. Embodied in the image of hero Buck, humanity and bestiality is fully described, humanity resides in bestiality, and bestiality reflects humanity. Meanwhile, this work is also the interpretation of the principle of "survival of the fittest". The writer revealed the fact that people intrigued against each other and cruelly vied for their owns’ benefit of that real society in essence by metaphorizing the ruin of the wild world “human nature” and recrudescence of the “wild nature”. This essay reflects the author’s viewpoints and philosophy of his life by analyzing Buck’s character changes.

Key words: Buck; survival of the fittest; human nature; wild nature

1 Introduction
1.1 Background
Jack London was born in San Francisco in 1876. He was a well-known American realist writer, who was from the "one-tenth of the national population impoverished underclass. He was best known for his stories of adventure which were set in the Yukon and he was a famous naturalist who wrote many stories in the tradition of Kilpling and Robert Louis Stevenson. London, as a writer, his life was full of adventure. His vigorous stories of men and animals against the environment, and survival against hardships were drawn mainly from his own experience.