摘  要

《白鲸》主要讲述了一群捕鲸人在亚哈的带领下，一起追逐并杀死白鲸莫比•迪克，并最终与白鲸同归于尽的故事。在这部小说中，赫尔曼. 梅尔维尔使用了多种修辞手法，使得这部小说更加精彩，尤其使小说的人物的特征更加形象生动。因此，吸引了很多的读者来研究《白鲸》的各个方面。本文作者通过采用文献法、比较法、归纳法和引用等方法，主要研究了《白鲸》的修辞及其在小说中的作用，尤其研究了《白鲸》的隐喻、明喻、象征、对比等修辞手法。通过典型的例子来充分说明这些修辞对小说的影响。虽然前人对这方面已有一定的研究，但本课题会做进一步的研究，希望可以吸引更多的人对《白鲸》产生兴趣，同时可给未来研究这部小说的人提供更多的参考。

关键词：白鲸；修辞手法；作用

Abstract

The novel Moby Dick mainly told an adventure story which happened on the sea. Under the guidance of the captain Ahab, a group of whalers chased and killed the white whale Moby Dick, but eventually they died with the white whale. In the novel, Herman Melville used a variety of rhetorical devices, which made the novel more wonderful, especially making the characters more vivid. Therefore, it attracted many readers to study much from aspects of Moby Dick. In this paper, the author adopting the literature method, comparative method, inductive method, reference method and other methods, she mainly studied the rhetorical devices and their functions in the novel, especially doing the research on the simile, the metaphor, the symbol and contrast rhetorical devices of the novel Moby Dick. Through making a series of typical examples to expound the impacts of these rhetorical devices of Moby Dick. Although some predecessor had studied this area, the author of this essay still would do further research on this topic, which hopes to attract more and more people to be interested in the novel, and at the same time, it could provide more references for the later generations when they doing the research on this novel.

Key words: Moby Dick; rhetorical devices; function

1.    Introduction
Moby Dick was written by Herman Melville who was one of the famous novelists in United States. After Hawthorne, Herman Melville was one of the outstanding representatives of American Romanticism in the middle of 19th century. In his numerous works, Moby Dick was one of the typical representatives, which was recognized as one of the most masterpieces of world literature in the world. Because the novel of Moby Dick telling the plots about sailing at sea and the numerous whaling lives, it was known as "the encyclopedia of the whaling industry", and was called the "One of the greatest oceanic legend novels in the world literary history".