Abstract

The thesis will show a psychological analysis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye. The research includes four parts. In the first part, it has a brief introduction to the author, the novel and Freud theory. Part Two will discuss the social influence on Holden’s growth. It mainly focuses on three external factors to explain Holden’s psychological changes. They are the family, the school and the society. Due to the failure of family and school education and the hypocrisy of society, Holden falls into spiritual crisis. The third part of the thesis is to make a further explanation about Holden’s psychological crisis according to Freud theory. Holden’s id, ego and superego will be a specific embodiment in this chapter. The last is the conclusion. The thesis stresses on the inevitable confusion, loneliness and struggle that adolescents have to face. There is no doubt that everyone needs to undergo this period from childhood to adulthood, like Holden. So, Holden’s experience can guide adolescents to meet all sorts of difficulties and challenges. It also teaches people the importance of parents’ love and guidance, peers’ sincerity and helps, school and society’s education, especially to adolescents.

Key words: Salinger  The Catcher in the Rye  causes  environments  Freud

摘  要

本论文对《麦田里的守望者》的主人公霍尔顿进行了心理分析。论文包括四部分。第一部分是对作者，小说以及弗洛伊德的理论的介绍。第二部分是讨论霍尔顿的成长环境对他的影响。主要从家庭，学校和社会三个外部因素解释了霍尔顿的心理变化。因为家庭和学校的教育失败以及社会的虚伪，霍尔顿产生了心理危机。第三部分是结合弗洛伊德的理论对霍尔顿心理的危机进行进一步的解释。在这一章，霍尔顿的本我，自我和超我会有一个具体的体现。最后一部分就是结论。本论文重点分析青春时期不可避免的困惑，孤独和挣扎。如霍尔顿一般，每个人都会经历从童年到成年的时期。而霍尔顿的经历可以引导青少年们迎接各种困难和挑战。本论文也告诉人们一个道理：父母的爱和指导，同龄人的真诚和帮助以及学校和社会的教育是十分重要的，尤其是对青少年而言。

关键词：塞林格 《麦田里的守望者》 原因 环境 弗洛伊德

1 Introduction
Jerome David Salinger, an American novelist and short story writer. “Though the quantity of his literary works is fairly small, few in any American novels have reached as remarkable as J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye (1951).” The book describes the psychology of the hero, Holden Caulfield, when he has difficult to enter into adulthood. He is the representative of the people who are meeting with the process from childhood to adulthood. Analyzed with Freud’s Psychological theory, Holden’s psychological changes are much more obvious.