Abstract

The Call of the Wild is Jack London’s most famous work. It describes how a tamed dog learns to adapt to the hostile condition, become powerful and finally returns to nature from the civilized community. Affected by Darwinism evolution, the belief of “survival of the fittest” runs through the whole book. This thesis analyses Buck’s nature, how Buck survives and becomes the leader under the environment of “natural selection, survival of the fittest”. Under the law of club and fang, he learns to obey. In the extremely bad existing environment, he learns to protect himself by all means. Buck is the combination of wild nature and human nature. He tries his best to protect his own master. In the end, it extends naturally to human “survival of the fittest”. Only the strongest becomes the king and weak players will be eliminated

Key Words: wild  adapt to  survival of the fittest  human    

摘 要

《野性的呼唤》是杰克•伦敦最著名的作品。他描述了一只雪橇狗怎样适应恶劣的条件，成为强者，最终回归自然。达尔文的“适者生存”这一信条贯穿于整部小说中。本文分析了巴克的形象，重点分析了在物竞天择适者生存的环境中，巴克怎样生存下来并且成为领队狗。在棍棒和犬牙的原则下，巴克学会顺从；在恶劣的生存环境中，巴克学会用各种手段保护自己。巴克不仅具有野性，也具有人性，尽力保护自己爱的主人。最后，文章自然引申到对人类适者生存的探索，强者为王，弱者将被淘汰。

关键词：荒野 适应 适者生存 人类
 
1 Introduction
Jack London was a famous American realistic writer of the early period of the twentieth century. Born to a poor peasant family in San Francisco, London took part in physical labor from childhood and suffered a lot. His parents were too poor to afford his tuition, so he had to leave off his study. But his thirst for knowledge was so strong that he often went to public library to read books, which created a strong foundation for his literary career. Due to a lack of economic sources, London worked as a child laborer, a worker and then a sailor.
In 1897, he moved to Alaska to dig gold with great hope, dreaming of making a fortune. Nevertheless, reality was cruel. Gold washing could not make him rich. Even more unfortunately, he got scurvy. However, it wasn't all bad. The experience of gold washing accumulated a lot of material for writing. London’s many stories truthfully explained how hard it was to be a gold seeker. His works were not only widely circulated in the United States but were very popular all over the world. He was regarded as the realistic with strongest critical spirit during the nineteenth century and twentieth century.