摘要

黑人处境问题是许多黑人作家所关注和思考的问题。对黑人前途的探索很早就开始了。二十世纪二十年代的“哈莱姆文艺复兴”时期，黑人文学艺术家们在民族主义的推动下，对黑人民族进行了自我发现，具有黑人民族特色的文学艺术作品诞生了。而在五十年代中重新掀起、六十年代后期形成高潮的黑人权力运动，要求在文学上得到表现，黑人艺术运动应运而生。
美国当代黑人女作家，1993年诺贝尔文学奖获得者, 托尼莫里森，正是在这样的背景下步入文坛的。她对她所置身的种族偏见根深蒂固的美国社会有比较深刻的认识。在《所罗门之歌》中，作者以非洲文化色彩作为小说底蕴，通过描写黑人祖先所罗门及其曾孙“奶娃”的飞翔，重新演绎了非洲飞人传说。在描写小说主人公“奶娃”的成长、回归历程的故事中，穿插了很多黑人优秀文化传统，例如非洲传统音乐对黑人精神生活的巨大作用，非洲飞人传说和祖先灵魂崇拜等。通过讲述黑人文化传统对主人翁奶娃的影响，以及奶娃一步步走向回归的过程，莫里森阐明了继承非洲优秀文化传统的必要性。她为苦苦探求民主、自由的黑人种族指明了前进的方向，表明了非洲文化遗产，对于黑人民族尤其是对于生活在白人主流文化包围中的黑人族群，具有极重要的意义。

关键词：莫里森，奶娃，黑人，非洲文化传统

ABSTRACT

Black people's situation has always been the concern of black authors. Searching for the future of the blacks can be traced back to more than a hundred and fifty years ago when the overwhelming majority of blacks in American were still slaves, but even today this problem is not well solved. In the twenties of the twenty century, there was a literary movement, which was called Harlem Renaissance, with writers and artists inspired by nationalism, and the black people beginning to reevaluate themselves, works related to  black people's characters appeared. Black people's power movement which rose again in the fifties and reached a climax in the sixties needed an expression in form of literature, and then black people's literature movement emerged.
Toni Morrison, American woman writer and the 1993 Nobel Prize winner in literature, stepped in the literary world in that circumstances. With good understanding of the deep-rooted racial prejudice in American society, Morrison has published seven novels, which all describe various difficulties Black people have faced and their search for solutions. In the novel Song of Solomon, with the narration of African culture as the background of the story, Morrison describes an African ancestor Solomon and his great grandson Milkman's life and growth, reviewing the African flying legend again. It seems as if a story about Milkman's growth, but in the novel, there are many things related to Black people's outstanding cultural traditions, such as African traditional music's great role to Black people's spirit, African flying fable, ancestor worship, and so on. Through describing how Milkman returns to his own culture, Morrison expounds the necessity of inheriting African cultural traditions, and thus indicates a road for the Blacks who were searching for equality and freedom in a white-dominated society. The novel indicates the significant meaning of the African culture heritance for the Blacks, especially for those whose lives were surrounded by the Whites' culture.

Key words: Morrison, Milkman, Black people, African cultural traditions