《我们共同的朋友》象征手法分析

An Analysis of the Symbolism in Our Mutual Friend  

摘        要
查尔斯﹒狄更斯是英国维多利亚时期著名的批判现实主义小说家，是世界文学中的一位伟大的作家。他一生创作了数十卷优秀文学作品,为人类的文化发展作出了不朽的贡献。《我们共同的朋友》是狄更斯的最后一部完整的长篇小说,在思想上和艺术上都独具特色，被称作是这位伟大小说家的“天鹅之歌”。狄更斯在《我们共同的朋友》中运用了广泛的象征手法来刻画人物表现主题，既丰富了自己的文学创作又深刻地揭露了维多利亚时代英国社会的藏污纳垢和肮脏龌龊。
《我们共同的朋友》不仅在整体上饱含着象征意味，而且通篇的各个细微之处都带有浓厚的象征色彩。本文通过对《我们共同的朋友》中所大量使用的象征手法的细致解读：分析标题、垃圾山、人名以及人物的象征，探讨狄更斯如何通过这些象征揭露十九世纪维多利亚时代英国的社会弊病，并阐述和论证象征手法在文学中对表现抽象的概念、思想和情感的作用及其应用规律。
关键词：查尔斯﹒狄更斯， 《我们共同的朋友》，象征手法，维多利亚时代
Abstract
Charles Dickens, a critical realist of the Victorian era, is a great writer in the realm of international literature. He authors dozens of volumes of outstanding literary works all his life and makes monumental contribution to the development of human culture. Our Mutual Friend is Dickens’s last completed full-length novel, which is intellectually and artistically unique and is known as the great novelist's “Swan Song”.
Dickens has used broad symbolism in Our Mutual Friend to depict characters and the theme, which both enriches his literary creation and profoundly reveals the filth and dirtiness of the society of the Victorian United Kingdom.
Our Mutual Friend not only has symbolic implication on the whole, but is imbued with strong symbolic overtones throughout all its subtleties. This thesis illustrates how Dickens exposes the social ills in the Victorian United Kingdom through the extensive use of symbols. It also expounds and demonstrates the effect of symbolism in manifesting abstract concepts, thoughts and emotions in literature and the law of applying symbolism via the detailed interpretation of the symbolism in Our Mutual Friend: an analysis of the symbol of the title, the symbol of the names, the symbol of the dust-heap and the symbol of the characters.
Key words: Charles Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, symbolism, Victorian era