摘要

  亨利·大卫·梭罗( Henry David Thoreau, 1817-1862)是19世纪美国超验主义文学家和自然保护主义思想家。他的代表作《瓦尔登湖》被誉为19世纪文学中读者最多的非小说著作，并被译成各种语言译本，广为传诵。通过细读文章并结合生活经历以及时代背景解读《瓦尔登湖》所蕴含的多重理想主义，进而可以理解到作品隐含的深刻主题。理想主义在自然上表现是自然作为自我理解和自我提高的一种方式。亲近自然，从自然当中汲取人生哲理，提高自我，完善自我。理想主义在自我教育上表现是践行一种自然的生活和文学的生活。回归荒野，欣赏自然的美景，寻找快乐的源泉；在空闲时间来与书为伴，读书写书，提高自己的文学素养。理想主义在精神上表现在梭罗受到超验主义“超灵”和“自助”的深刻影响，进而进行他在瓦尔登湖两年多的人生体验去寻求精神独立和精神自由。正因如此，在精神危机日益严重的今天，梭罗所倡导的回归荒野、简朴生活、精神独立、人与自然的和谐，这些观念都有利于促进个体的精神进步。
 
关键词: 梭罗； 《瓦尔登湖》； 理想主义   

Abstract

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) is an American transcendentalist writer and thinker of natural protectionism in the nineteenth century. Walden, his masterpiece, is regarded as the most-read non-fiction writing in the 19th century. It has been translated into almost every major language and widely enjoyed throughout the world. The multiple aspects idealism implied in Walden can be unscrambled with a close discussion of the writer’s personal life and the social background. In analyzing the idealism, the profound theme implied can be understood. Idealism in nature explores ways to lead a natural life and a literary life. He spends his spare time reading and writing books and being friends with books to raise his knowledge of literature. Idealism in self-education shows nature can be a means of self-understanding and self-development. By being close to nature, Thoreau draws life philosophy from it and uses these truths to develop and perfect himself. Idealism in spirit shows Thoreau is influenced by transcendentalist ideas of “oversoul” and “self-reliance”. Thoreau’s two-year experiment at Walden Pond gives him a chance to seek spiritual independence. So with the rising of the spiritual crisis, his advocacy of going back to woods, leading a simple life, seeking the freedom of spirit, the harmony of man and nature, are conducive to human spiritual progress.

Key Words: Thoreau；Walden； Idealism