摘要

《野性的呼唤》是伟大作家杰克伦敦创作的最出名的小说之一。本文通过研究杰克伦敦对巴克这只狗的形象塑造以及他的人生经历，探究杰克伦敦在自然主义和社会达尔文主义思潮的影响下所形成的人生观。作者通过自然主义和社会达尔文主义在《野性的呼唤》中的体现，来具体阐述杰克伦敦关于适者生存的人生哲学。

关键词：杰克伦敦；野性的呼唤；自然主义；社会达尔文主义

ABSTRACT

    The Call of the Wild is one of the most famous novels written by the great writer, Jack London. Through the study of the image creation of Buck and Jack London’s life experiences, the paper explores Jack London’s life philosophy which is greatly influenced by the naturalism and the social darwinism. The author expounds Jack London’s life philosophy of survival of the fittest through the reflection of the naturalism and the social darwinism in The Call of the Wild.

Key words: Jack London；The Call of the Wild；naturalism；social darwinism

1.    Introduction
1.1     Jack London’s personal information and achievement
    Jack London, whose born name was John Griffith Chaney, was a famous American author. He is also known as a journalist, and a social activist. Starting writing at the age of 24, Jack London had written 19 novels, more than 150 short stories and 3 plays during his 16 years life. He is best remembered as the author of The Call of the Wild and White Fang, both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, which happened between 1896 and 1899. All his works give the world a profound effect.
Jack London lived with a lonely childhood, he grew up with the lack of his parents’ love. He started to work at the age of eight in a warm valley at rear Oakland. At that place, he found his spiritual home, the Oakland Public Library. The first book he read was Cigna, which influenced Jack London for a whole life time. Because of his identity of an illegitimate child and his chaos family, Jack London has a contradictory character.