Abstract:

Euphemism is a cultural phenomenon as well as a linguistic concept. In all of communicative activities, both sides, in order to achieve a specific purpose, follow the principle - the cooperative principle. However, in real life, people often intend to violate the cooperative principle on purpose, because of politeness. People use tactful language to implicitly express our meaning, making the language more appropriate and polite.
      With the politeness principle and cooperative principle to analyze euphemism, it will show more significant meaning. Handling the two principles’ contradiction and unity correctly, we can live in this harmonious society better because of politeness, and benefit maximization because of cooperation. This article presents the definition, and features, formation and functions of euphemism and then elaborates on the analysis of euphemism by cooperation and politeness principle, which contradict and unify between each other. The final conclusion is based on the above analysis.

Keywords: Euphemism; Politeness Principle; Cooperative Principle

摘  要：

委婉语是一个语言学概念，同时也是一种文化现象。在所有的交际活动中，为了达到特定的目的，双方都遵循着一种原则—这种原则为会话合作原则。然而在现实生活中，人们往往出于礼貌而在会话中有意去违反会话合作原则。使用委婉的语言来含蓄地表达自己的真意，使语言变得更为得体。
      用礼貌原则和合作原则去分析委婉语也显得更具现实意义。正确的处理好这对又是矛盾体又是统一体，可以让我们既在礼貌中和谐共处，又能在合作中利益最大化。本论文将呈现有关委婉语的定义和特征，还有关委婉语的形成和功能，然后重点分析合作和礼貌原则中的委婉语，以及两者对立又统一的矛盾关系，最后基于以上分析得出结论。

关键词：委婉语；礼貌原则；合作原则

1 Introduction
    A significant expression way of rhetoric is euphemism,which is used by humans for a long time. People communicate and exchange through euphemism in the hope to find a suitable way. Two sides are able to finish communication pleasantly.
    In order to complete the ideal communicative task, euphemism is to implement the appropriate expression of the ideal communication. A variety of strong and difficult words can be expressed by euphemism.There are all kinds of the origins of euphemism. If people feel fear such as death, the supernatural, sex and inevitable reminder, we may use the euphemism. The common euphemism is regarded as the blunt language that avoids offending others in purpose, not hurt others’ feelings. In order to get that purpose, we use more abstract and vague concepts or metaphor, amelioration and use an indirect way to say the hurtful things, so both sides can avoid being hurt.
    Some people still use euphemism incorrectly by cooperative principle and politeness principle. This paper will analyze the euphemism with these principles, which will have great effect on our daily conversation.