摘要

“黑色幽默”文学是上世纪60年代初期风行于美国文坛的一个文学流派。它又称“绞刑架下的幽默”，是一种让人在笑过之后感到失望，绝望和恐惧的幽默。黑色幽默自其产生以来一直是是西方现代文学中一个十分重要的流派，无论是从幽默风格和叙事结构等方面，都和传统小说有着鲜明的对比。黑色幽默作家拿痛苦、不幸和死亡开玩笑，把个人及精神分裂作为嘲弄的对象，极力表现世界的荒诞和混乱，因而，它们似乎更加显得绝望。作为黑色幽默的经典代表作，美国作家约瑟夫•海勒的《第二十二条军规》具有重要的研究价值，具有鲜明的特点、泼辣的语言和淋漓尽致的嘲讽。
《第二十二条军规》是一部严肃的，讽刺性很强的小说。这部小说表现出了一种混乱、疯狂的社会。在海勒看来，战争把世界的荒唐和人心的疯狂表现得淋漓尽致。因此小说《第二十二条军规》直接讽刺和抨击了战争的荒唐与疯狂，从主题到内容都迎合了当时美国人民中强烈的反战情绪。海勒恰到好处的用冷漠克制、假装无所知的态度去描写人间的不幸，去涉猎严肃重大的社会问题。在不经意的调侃中，显露出锐利的讽刺锋芒，直指荒诞的要害，初看忍俊不禁，细品则余味深长。这就是黑色幽默的魅力。
本文的目的在于结合黑色幽默分析的社会背景，研究《第二十二条军规》的创作手法，更深入的分析黑色幽默在思想内蕴、审美价值的独到之处。

关键词：黑色幽默，第二十二条军规，创作手法，社会背景

Abstract

“Black humor” is a school of literature that began and was in fashion in America in 1960s. It is called “humor in scaffold”, which is a humor makes people lose hope, despair and feel scared after they laughed at it. Black humor has been an important school of literature in western modern literature since it appeared. There are distinctive differences between traditional humor and black humor no matter in humor style or narrative structure. Writers of black humor make jokes on pain and adversity, poke fun at person and schizophrenia, make an utmost effort on expressing the ridiculousness and chaos. Therefore, that makes it more despaired. As the classical representative work of black humor, “catch-22”, which is the Apologize of Joseph Heller, has value of research.
“Catch-22” is a serious novel with terrible sarcasm. The novel expresses an chaotic and crazy society. In Heller’s opinion, war can express the world’s ridiculousness and person’s insaneness more incisively. So the novel satirize the ridiculousness and insane of the war directly, no matter in theme and content, it play up to the emotion of anti-war. Heller use and cold and detached attitude to describe the adversities in the world, and seems to bring out sharply spearhead by accident. You cannot help laughing the first time you read it, and find its aftertaste deeply after you think about it. That’s charming black humor.
This paper aims at analyzing the ideological implication and aesthetic value in black humor, by researching the technique of creation in “catch-22”.

Key words: black humor, catch-22, technique of creation, social background