Abstract:

The fictions of Franz Kafka are full of many ironical allegories. Through the description of the inner action and the change of the relationship between family and Gregor, the story reflects an alienation of the human beings and realism of the indifferent society. It also shows a nobody struggle in the extreme loneliness and solitude in the modern world. This paper aims to analysis the realism and metamorphosis in The Metamorphosis. Firstly, it analyzes the changes when Gregor and his families’ facing the metamorphosis. Then it continues to point out the realism reflected in the story. According to all the details above, readers will have a deep understanding about the realism that Kafka wanted to show.

Keywords: Gregor; metamorphosis; realism

摘  要：

卡夫卡的科幻小说运用了一系列的讽刺寓言。通过对心里活动的描写和格里高尔与家人关系的变化，小说反映了人类的异化以及这个冷漠的社会中的现实主义。同样反映了一个小人物在极度寂寞孤独的当代社会中的挣扎。这篇论文旨在分析在《变形记》中的现实主义和异化现象。首先，分析格里高尔和他的家庭成员面对格里高尔异化时的改变；其次，指出这部小说中所反映的现实主义。根据以上分析的详细内容，读者会对卡夫卡想要表达的现实有更深层次的理解。

关键词：格里高尔；异化；现实主义

1 Introduction
As a German-language writer of novels and short stories, Franz Kafka was considered as one of the most influential and outstanding authors of the 20th century. He was regarded as the father of modernist literature. Although he is not a professional writer, he and Marcel Proust, French writer, Ireland Author James Joyce was known as the master of western modernist literature. Many men of letters have praised Kafka’s writing. The poet W. H. Auden called Franz Kafka "the Dante of the twentieth century"; the novelist Vladimir Nabokov placed him among the greatest writers of the 20th century. 
All of Kafka's published works, except some letters, were written in German. He was not a prolific writer, and even 90 percent of his work were destroyed by his girlfriend. Because only a few of his works were published during his lifetime so that it attracted little public attention. Most of his works, such as Die Verwandlung (The Metamorphosis), Der Prozess (The Trial), and Das Schloss (The Castle), are built the themes of alienation, the mystical transformation of the physical and psychological, the conflict between parent and child, nonsense quest by characters and the social reality of that time. Critics regard The Metamorphosis as one of the far-reaching works of fiction of the 20th century. Kafka is well-known by his visionary and profoundly mysterious stories that often describe the realism of the world in which individuals shouldered the guilt, isolation and anxiety make a nonsense pursue of personal salvation.