《欲望号街车》布兰奇的悲剧分析_英语论文

The Tragedy of Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire

摘要

《欲望号街车》女主人公布兰奇的悲剧命运是由四个方面的因素造成的。这些因素可以分成两类:客观原因和主观原因。造成布兰奇悲剧命运的客观原因是她面临的严峻的生存困境和现代社会里的残忍的野蛮势力。布兰奇是男权社会的受害者，在男权社会里，男人占据统治地位，而女人必须要服从自己的父亲和丈夫。布兰奇没有收入来源和生存技能，因此，在她的丈夫艾伦死后，接着父母逝世之后，布兰奇遭遇了生存困境。斯坦利是现代社会里野蛮势力的象征，他伺机强暴了布兰奇，这是迫使布兰奇走向疯癫的导火线。造成布兰奇悲剧命运的主观原因是其过度依赖男性，以及她的本我和超我之间不可调和的矛盾。无论是物质上还是精神上，布兰奇都过度依赖男性，因此她永远无法掌握自己的命运。然而，其悲剧的根本原因是她的本我、自我、以及超我之间的关系的不平衡。她的自我无法调节本我和超我之间的剧烈矛盾，最终走向真正的癫狂。

关键词:客观原因；主观原因；悲剧；本我；自我；超我

Abstract

Four factors contribute to the tragedy of the protagonist--Blanche Dubois. These factors can be divided into two categories—objective causes and subjective causes. The objective causes of Blanche’s tragic fate are her severe living predicament and the damage of brute forces in the modern society. Blanche is the victim of patriarchal society, in which men are in the dominant position and women must succumb to their fathers and husbands. Blanche has no source of income or survival skills. Hence, she is trapped in a living plight after her husband died and parents passed away. Stanley is the symbol of savage forces in the modern society. His sexual rape of Blanche is the blasting fuse leading to her insanity. The subjective causes of her tragedy are her overreliance on men and the irreconcilable conflicts between her id and superego. Blanche relies on men economically and spiritually, so she cannot control her destiny. However, the maladjustment of the relationship between her id, ego, and superego is the root cause of her tragedy. Her ego’s inability to reconcile the sharp contradictions between her id and superego forces her into the complete psychological disorder. 

Key words: objective reason; subjective reason; tragedy; id; ego; superego

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Causes of Blanche’s tragic fate 3

2.1 Objective causes 3

2.1.1 Severe living predicament 3

2.1.2 Damage of savage forces in the modern society 6

2.2 Subjective causes 7

2.2.1 Overreliance on men 7

2.2.2 Inner conflicts between the id and superego 9

3 Conclusion 12