从弗洛伊德理论分析《莫瑞斯》中莫瑞斯的形象_英语论文

An Analysis of Maurice in Maurice Based on Freudianism 

摘要

《莫瑞斯》是英国作家爱德华·摩根·福斯特的作品。福斯特是20世纪英国著名作家，他将大部分精力投入在小说《莫瑞斯》中。《莫瑞斯》探讨了社会价值与爱情的冲突，是一部经典的同性恋文学作品。迫于当时福斯特所在的社会环境，该小说始终没有发表，直到他去世后，于1971年才得以出版。小说一出版便引起了激烈争论。

长期以来，相关评论家和学者从文化、性别和权利话语等不同角度对小说进行解读。本文主要借助弗洛伊德理论分析小说中的主人公莫瑞斯的内心世界。

本文共分为五个部分。第一部分介绍了作者E.M.福斯特和他的小说《莫瑞斯》的概况。第二部分主要分别描述了主人公莫瑞斯与恋人克莱夫、阿列克之间的两段同性之爱。莫瑞斯和克莱夫是剑桥大学的同学，经过一段时间的挣扎后，莫瑞斯同意了克莱夫的追求，随后与之相爱。他们肩负压力相爱三年，维持着柏拉图式恋爱关系，然而以克莱夫提出终止二人关系，与富家小姐结婚收尾。莫瑞斯与猎场看守者阿列克展开了第二段恋情，来自不同阶级的阿列克勇敢表达对莫瑞斯的爱并与之发生肉体接触使莫瑞斯最终选择不顾一切与其私奔。第三部分主要介绍了两种弗洛伊德的理念。其一是他对于梦的解释，弗洛伊德认为梦的动机是欲望的满足。其二是他的人格三重结构理论。在弗洛伊德的著作《本我与自我》中，他提出人格包含本我，自我，超我三种不同的结构。第四部分则采用弗洛伊德的两种理论对莫瑞斯这个人物展开具体分析。首先，解释了莫瑞斯在小说中的两个梦境，显示出早期的他内心对同性的渴望，暗示了他的性取向。其次，通过三重人格结构理论具体分析了莫瑞斯在两段恋爱中的内心世界。可以说他是在本我，自我和超我三者的不断斗争与压抑下一步步做出选择。文章的最后一部分是全文的总结和结论。

关键词：《莫瑞斯》；爱德华·摩根·福斯特；同性恋；三重人格理论

Abstract 

Maurice is a novel written by the famous British writer Edward Morgan Forster. Foster was well-known in British in the 20th century, devoting most of his energy into the novel Maurice. As a classic homosexual novel, the novel explores the conflict between social values and love. Yet forced by the social environment at that time, Maurice was not published until 1971, after Forster's death. Once the novel was published, it caused heated discussion. 

Related critics and researchers have interpreted this novel from different perspectives for a long time, such as culture, gender identification and power discourse. This thesis attempts to analyze the characters in the light of Freudianism.

This paper can be divided into five parts. Part one briefly introduces E.M. Forster and the novel Maurice. Part two mainly describes the two same-sex love between the protagonist Maurice and lovers Clive and Alec. Maurice and Clive are both students of Cambridge, and after a period of struggle, Maurice accepts Clive and begins the romantic relationship with Clive. They have loved under the pressure for three years, keeping a Platonic love, but the relationship is stopped because Clive decides to marry a rich girl. Maurice launches a second romance with the gamekeeper Alec. From the lower class, Alec bravely expresses his love for Maurice and has physical contact with Maurice, which makes Maurice finally choose to leave together with him. The third part mainly introduces two Freudian ideas. The first one is his explanation for dreams; Freud holds the view that dreams are forms of wish-fulfillment. The second is his triple model of the mind theory. In Freud's book The Ego and the Id (1923), he proposes that human’s psyche consists of three different structures, that is, the id, the ego and the super-ego. Part four analyzes the character Maurice using Freud's two theories. Firstly, it interprets Maurice’s two dreams in the novel, which shows his desire for homosexuality, suggesting his sexual orientation. Secondly, it gives an analysis of the inner world of Maurice in his two love relationship through the personality structure theory. It can be said that he makes a choice step by step under the constant struggle and repression between the id, the ego and the super-ego. The last part of the article is the summary and conclusion of the paper.

Keywords: Maurice; E. M. Forster; homosexuality; tripartite model of the mind

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction to E.M. Forster 1

1.2 Introduction to the novel Maurice 1

2. Homosexual love in the Novel 2

2.1 Love between Maurice and Clive 2

2.2 Love between Maurice and Alec 4

3. Freud’s Ideas 5

3.1 The Interpretation of Dreams 5

3.2 The Personality Theory 5

3.2.1 The Id 6

3.2.2 The Ego 6

3.2.3 The Super-ego 7

4. An analysis of Maurice 7

4.1 An Interpretation of Maurice’s Dreams 8

4.2 An Analysis of Maurice in Personality Theory 9

4.2.1 Maurice in Relationship with Clive 9

4.2.2 Maurice in Relationship with Alec 10

5. Conclusion 11

Notes 13

References 14