论《雾都孤儿》中狄更斯的批判现实主义_英语论文

On Charles Dickens' Critical Realism in Oliver Twist

摘要

查尔斯·狄更斯是英国十九世纪最伟大的批判现实主义作家，《雾都孤儿》是他的第一部现实主义杰作。这部小说以资本主义社会为背景，以奥利弗·退斯特的坎坷经历为线索，展现了当时穷人，特别是儿童、妇女和老人的不幸生活，揭露了英国社会的丑恶、虚伪和不公，批判了资本主义社会制度，对贫苦人民表示了极大的同情。19世纪，现实主义文学兴起，查尔斯·狄更斯生活于此年代，深知该社会的各种弊病。他以幽默，讽刺的笔调批判了资本主义，社会的严重两极分化，人们道德的沦丧以及劳动法。社会各阶层的主要代表奥利弗·退思特，费金，布朗罗先生，邦布尔先生，南希的一言一行，无一不生动展现了当时的社会现实，从而表现出作者对社会改革的殷切希望。

关键词：查尔斯·狄更斯；《雾都孤儿》；批判现实主义

Abstract

Charles Dickens is one of the greatest English critical realism writers in the 19th century. Oliver Twist is the first critical realism masterpiece of Charles Dickens. The novel takes the English capitalist society as the background, the frustrated experience as the clue, showing the unfortunate life of the poor, especially children, women and the old, exposing the ruthlessness, hypocrisy and unfairness, criticizing capitalist social system, and expressing deep sympathy for the poor. In the 19th century, critical realism emerged and Charles Dickens was born at that age. He had a thorough understanding of malady of the society. He criticized capitalism, extreme differentiation of social class, perishing of human morality and the Poor Law. The typical representatives of all social classes like Oliver, Fagin, Mr. Brownlow, Mr. Bumble and Nancy all depict the reality through their words and actions, which showed the strong eagerness for social reform of the writer.

Key Words: Charles Dickens; Oliver Twist; Critical Realism